版本:v2.0
摘要
本文主要介绍了什么是crosstool-ng,crosstool-ng的名字的写法的含义,为何要有crosstool-ng,crosstool-ng的各种特点,crosstool-ng的使用的基本逻辑;
下载crosstool-ng,安装crosstool-ng到当前系统环境中;
接着介绍了crosstool-ng的常见文件夹的结构组织,关于crosstool-ng本身的一些背景知识和逻辑,比如用ct-ng help查看所拥有的功能,用ct-ng list-steps查看本身的build过程分成哪几步,用ct-ng list-samples查看当前已包含哪些默认的示例配置,用ct-ng show-tuple查看当前配置的是什么交叉编译器,用ct-ng version查看当前crosstool-ng的版本,然后介绍了crosstool-ng本身的配置的使用的基本逻辑,包含使用已有的crosstool-ng的示例配置和根据需要去修改你的crosstool-ng的配置
然后极其详细的解释了crosstool-ng中的各种配置参数含义和用法,主要包含几个方面:crosstool-ng工具相关的配置参数,比如多线程编译以节省时间,从之前错误的那一步恢复继续编译,出错时不立刻退出等,再介绍crosstool-ng核心配置详解,包括crosstool-ng本身相关的重要参数,比如源码包下载保存路径,工作路径,目标安装路径,和交叉编译相关的核心参数,包括举例说明Architecture level, Emit assembly for CPU, Tune for CPU如何去配置,以及其他重要参数,比如MMU,大小端Endianness,浮点处理单元FPU,CFLAGS参数,Linux内核版本,binutils版本,gcc版本,C库的选择,线程模型的选择等。
接着介绍用ct-ng build编译crosstool-ng的过程,然后总结了crosstool-ng常见问题及解决办法,包括几方面:安装crosstool-ng工具本身的,crosstool-ng在配置阶段的,crosstool-ng在编译阶段的
最后介绍了与crosstool-ng相关的一些事项,比如crosstool-ng的作者的主页,linaro对crosstool-ng的支持,Buildroot支持crosstool-ng。
2013-09-04
修订历史 | ||
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修订 2.0 | 2013-09-04 | crl |
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版权 © 2013 Crifan, http://crifan.com
目录
范例清单
本文目的在于,介绍关于crosstool-ng的各种方面,包括如何下载安装和使用,如何配置和编译等等。
使得对于crosstool-ng不熟悉的人,都可以很快上手,可以实现自己用crosstool-ng,编译出来一个自己的交叉编译器。
目录
crosstool-ng,全称是crosstool Next Generation,即下一代crosstool,即crosstool的升级版
可能有人会问,什么是crosstool?
crosstool,是个交叉编译器的制作工具。
可能又有人问,什么是交叉编译器,什么又是交叉编译器的制作工具?
那你可以去看我的教程:
中的详细解释:
另外,关于crosstool的详细解释,可参见:
知道了crosstool-ng是个交叉编译器的制作工具后,再来解释,crosstool-ng的由来:
crosstool-ng的官网是:
crosstool-ng是作者Yann E. MORIN,在Dan Kegel写的crosstool的基础上,做了全新的升级。
目标在于,在制作交叉编译器方面,更加容易使用。
其实,crosstool-ng的官网中,都已经专门强调和解释了,关于crosstool-ng,这个名字的,在不同情况下的写法:
下面简要翻译一下为:
此项目的标准名称,全名,长名称。
crosstool和NG之间用短横线连接
crosstool小写
NG大写
全部大写
是全称crosstool-NG的缩写
CT和NG之间用短横线连接
全称缩写后的小写版本,全部小写
一般是在前端,即使用此crosstool-NG这个工具的时候,其工具名
后面你会在第 2 章 下载和安装crosstool-ng中看到,安装完毕crosstool-NG后
接着去使用此crosstool-NG,都是用的是ct-ng,比如
ct-ng help ct-ng menuconfig ct-ng build
等等
一般来说,建议用长名称crosstool-NG,而不要用短名CT-NG在邮件主题中(为了使标题不要太长),可以使用短名CT-NG
长名称
crosstool-NG和版本号X.Y.Z之间有空格
长名称的小写版
名称和版本之间用短横线连接
一般用于发布tar包的时候
长名称的小写版本,加上短横线,加上版本号,加上加号,再加上Hg的ID(其可以通过ct-ng version而得到)
用于区分发行版(releases)和快照版(snapshots)
下文中,如无特殊说明,为了省事,都还是采用crosstool-ng的写法。
简言之就是:
之前的crosstool,做的不是足够好,所以才有人(Yann E. MORIN)弄出了个更好这个:crosstool-ng
再详细解释一下就是:
crosstool,对于之前制作交叉编译器来说,算数属于首选的工具,已经很不错了。
但是随着时间的发展,其相对来说,还是没有足够好,足够好用。
加上,后者缺乏足够的维护。
所以后来Yann E. MORIN就去弄了个next generation的crosstool,叫做crosstool-ng。
其宗旨就是:让交叉编译器的制作,更加简单,让制作交叉编译器的工具,更加好用。
至于,如何变得简单好用了,就是后面要去介绍的:第 1.4 节 “crosstool-ng的特点”了。
下面,根据我的了解,整理一下,crosstool-ng,作为一个交叉编译器的制作工具,所具有的优点:
menuconfig,用的最为广泛,支持度最好,最好用。
menuconfig可以称为:即简单,又好用。
用过的都知道。
关于make menuconfig,不熟悉的可以参考:
【整理】make config,make menuconfig,make oldconfig,make xconfig,make defconfig,make gconfig
目前已经支持众多了架构了:
Alpha, ARM, AVR32 (EXP), Blackfin (EXP), MIPS, OpenRISC/or32(+), PowerPC, s390, SPARC (EXP), SuperH (EXP), x86
且以后会支持越来越多。
相比较而言,之前的交叉编译器制作工具,支持的架构,比crosstool-ng更多,好像没几个。
支持基于uClibc, glibc或eglibc的工具链
支持其他类型的,也很容易添加
为许多种现存的,已知bug的,需要打包的各种模块,提供了一个补丁仓库。
如此可以实现:可以自动去帮你打上,已知的,需要打补丁的各种模块
从而,避免了各种编译的错误,制作出来的交叉编译器的各种问题
极大程度上的节省了你的精力和时间,和降低了制作交叉编译器的难度
支持很多用来调试(debug)的工具:
本地的和跨平台的gdb,gdbserver
调试库:dmalloc, duma
以及一些其他功能,比如从编译失败的那一步,恢复重新编译,从而节省你的大量的时间和精力
背景是:对于交叉编译器的配置,涉及到各个模块的各个版本,自己配置不好的话,很容易出现各种问题,比如版本不兼容
而此处提供了,很多个,已经经过验证的配置,针对各个架构(CPU)的各种默认配置
如此,你就可以利用已有的配置,从而简化你的配置的复杂度,极大的降低了你制作交叉工具链的难度,时间,精力。
crosstool-ng,不仅支持,普通的各种Linux发行版,比如常见的Ubuntu
还支持Cygwin
这意味着,在纯的Windows环境下
(用Cygwin模拟Linux环境,在Cygwin下制作交叉编译器等等,在Cygwin下用交叉编译器去编译uboot,kernel等等)
也可以去折腾嵌入式开发了
在详细介绍,然后下载和安装crosstool-ng,如何配置,如何编译crosstool-ng之前,需要先解释一下,crosstool-ng,这个工具,的使用的基本逻辑。
其实,这部分的内容,作者在主页:
crosstool-NG: Download and usage
中,已经解释过了,只是相对比较言简意赅,不是足够详细。
此处,就来详细的解释一下:
在使用crosstool-ng之前,实际上,要明白,有两个概念,不要混淆了:
crosstool-ng,作为一个工具,尤其是在Linux领域里
很明显,也有对应的源码包,即:也需要,通过下载对应的源码,去编译源码,然后再安装到当前的系统中
其整体的逻辑,和下载,编译,安装,别的,Linux下的软件包,没有啥特殊区别。
在安装了crosstool-ng这个工具后,就可以去使用ct-ng了。
然后才是去,配置,和编译,以便制作出对应的相应的交叉编译器
即,用crosstool-ng这个,制作交叉编译器的工具,去制作交叉编译器,的基本步骤,包括:
即,为了你要制作的交叉编译器,去配置各种参数
比如CPU是arm还是mips还是其他,运行目标平台是Linux还是bare metal,所用的C库是elibc,还是glibc,还是uclibc等,等等的配置。
选用合适的配置,一般的做法,主要有两种:
crosstool-ng,本身已经支持很多种体系结构的配置
很多时候,你可以直接使用已有的配置,而基本无需更改了。
对应的命令一般是:
ct-ng some_default_config
有时候,你所需要编译的交叉编译器,和已有的各种配置中,都没有合适的,没有满足你的需求的
那么就要你,去找一个,和你的需求最接近的一个配置
利用该配置,然后再去修改一些参数,达到最终你想要的效果
对应的命令一般是:
ct-ng some_default_config ct-ng menuconfig
等所有的配置都完毕后,就可以去编译,生成你所需要的交叉编译器了。
对应的命令一般是:
ct-ng build
当然,在配置和编译之前和过程中,你需要搞懂很多东西,比如:
你自己的处理器是什么,所要使用的目标系统是什么,要用什么C库等
并且还要,根据这些已有信息,搞清楚如何去配置crosstool-ng等等。
这也就是,此文接下来要解释的内容。
在使用crosstool-ng,为我们制作交叉编译器之前,需要下载crosstool-ng的源码,并且编译安装crosstool-ng,到我们的当前的(Linux或Cygwin等)系统中。
去crosstool-ng的下载页面:
http://crosstool-ng.org/download/crosstool-ng/
中,下载最新版的crosstool-ng。
截至本文此刻,最新版本是:
crosstool-ng的最新版本不是下载页面最下面的那个crosstool-ng-1.9.3的版本 | |
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之前自己第一次开始去折腾crosstool-ng的时候,从主页 中找到了: 然后,按照正常的逻辑,页面一直下拉到最低端,然后去下载那个: 以为,理所当然的是最新的版本了,然后接着去折腾: 【记录】在Cygwin下编译gcc-3.4.5-glibc-2.3.6的arm-xscale-linux-gnu交叉编译器 结果弄到后来,很多错误: 然后最后实在不行了,然后无意间发现,原先最新的版本,不是之前的,crosstool-ng-1.9.3,而是:crosstool-ng-1.18.0 对应的,也是在上述所说的下载页面中,下载地址是: 然后后来才是用此,真正最新的版本,去折腾的: 【记录】重试使用最新版本1.18.0的crosstool-ng去配置和编译xscale的交叉编译器 然后,本来都想去报告作者的,其此下载页面,搞得文件排序,和一般的,不太一样啊, 一般的下载页面,都是保证最下面或最上面是最新版本,方便用户下载的。 对应的,文件排序,是要按照数字大小排序,而不是此处的按照ascii字符排序。 然后后来发现,作者貌似自己已经意识到此问题了,所以,在下载页面,又多了个空文件,放在下载页面最开始,名字就叫做: 00-LATEST-is-1.18.0 以此,来通知来下载的人,不要搞错了。 而实际上,误把crosstool-ng-1.9.3当做最新版本的人,我之前也在网络上看到有过的。 所以,即使是如此的,小问题,实际上,也是需要作者,处理的更好,以更方便用户使用的。 否则,就容易出现这类的问题了。 在此,实际上,还是建议作者,如果可以,还是去修改服务器,保证文件排序是可以通过先ascii字符排序,对于文件中的数字部分,即各个版本号,按照数字的值去排序 注:Total Commander中,是支持此种排序的。感兴趣的去看: |
在介绍将crosstool-ng安装到当前系统之前,先要说一下:
目前crosstool-ng,除了支持普通的Linux发行版,比如Ubuntu之外,还支持Cygwin环境的。
而我们此处的目标是:把crosstool-ng安装到当前(Linux或Cygwin等)系统中。
所以,接下来的步骤,相对其实很简单,还是常见的:
./configure --prefix=/opt/crosstool-ng make make install
步骤而已。
详细过程,可参考:
详见:【记录】在Ubuntu下用crosstool-ng编译xscale的交叉工具链
详见:【记录】重试使用最新版本1.18.0的crosstool-ng去配置和编译xscale的交叉编译器
虽然,安装crosstool-ng本身,这个过程中,相对很简单。
但是:
由于在Ubuntu下,默认系统没有安装很多开发工具,导致也还是会遇到一对缺少某工具的情况
虽然Cygwin只是针对Linux系统的模拟,而不是真正的Linux
但是,由于我之前安装了所有的开发工具,所以,此处对于Ubuntu下出现的缺少某工具的问题
倒真的还是很少出现的。
在上述配置,编译,安装crosstool-ng之后,还要做一个事情,那就是:
要把对应的crosstool-ng,这个工具,对应的可执行文件:ct-ng所在的路径,加入到你的环境变量中去。
我一般所用的步骤是:修改当前用户的.bashrc
然后将最后一行的PATH变量中,加上此处对应的路径/opt/crosstool-ng/bin
,即可。
修改后的.bashrc
中最后一行,带PATH的值,类似于这样:
PATH=$PATH:/opt/crosstool-ng/bin
具体过程,详见:
【记录】在Ubuntu下用crosstool-ng编译xscale的交叉工具链
【记录】在Cygwin下编译gcc-3.4.5-glibc-2.3.6的arm-xscale-linux-gnu交叉编译器
目录
相关旧帖:【总结】crosstool-ng使用心得和注意事项
crosstool-ng中关于配置,此处,主要介绍两个大的方面:
关于crosstool-ng的配置本身,其实也有一定的使用逻辑和技巧。
这些逻辑和技巧,实际上,作者在其主页:
中已经解释过了,此处,是加上自己实际折腾的经验的基础上
再次整理出来,解释清楚:第 3.2 节 “crosstool-ng本身的配置的使用的基本逻辑”
很明显,由于配置参数极多,并且,不同版本中,也可能发生细微的变化,所以不可能面面俱到的解释所有的配置参数的详细的含义。
但是,又很明显,一些常见的参数,核心的参数,重要的参数,则至始至终,都不会改变的,而且也是必须要搞懂的。
所以,此处,主要介绍crosstool-ng中,常见的,核心的那些参数。
而这些常见的,核心的参数,根据其相关性,又主要分两方面:
在去使用和crosstool-ng之前,需要了解一些,和crosstool-ng本身的一些逻辑和背景知识。
然后才能对于后面的配置和编译,如何使用crosstool-ng,有个真正的理解。
正如Linux世界中的常见逻辑,crosstool-ng中,也可以通过help,查看到,其本身具有哪些功能:
CLi@PC-CLI-1 ~/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build $ ct-ng help This is crosstool-NG version 1.18.0 Copyright (C) 2008 Yann E. MORIN <[email protected]> This is free software; see the source for copying conditions. There is NO warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See below for a list of available actions, listed by category: Configuration actions: menuconfig - Update current config using a menu based program oldconfig - Update current config using a provided .config as base extractconfig - Extract to stdout the configuration items from a build.log file piped to stdin defconfig - Save current config as a mini-defconfig to ${CONFIG} olddefconfig - Update config from a mini-defconfig ${CONFIG} (default: ${CONFIG}=./defconfig) saveconfig - Save current config as a preconfigured target show-tuple - Print the tuple of the currently configured toolchain Preconfigured toolchains (#: force number of // jobs): list-samples - prints the list of all samples (for scripting) show-<sample> - show a brief overview of <sample> (list with list-samples) <sample> - preconfigure crosstool-NG with <sample> (list with list-samples) build-all[.#] - Build *all* samples (list with list-samples) and install in ${CT_PREFIX} (which you must set) Build actions (#: force number of // jobs): build[.#] - Build the currently configured toolchain list-steps - List all build steps Clean actions: clean - Remove generated files distclean - Remove generated files, configuration and build directories Distribution actions: wiki-samples - Print a DokuWiki table of samples updatetools - Update the config tools tarball - Build a tarball of the configured toolchain Environment variables (see /opt/crosstool-ng/share/doc/crosstool-ng/ct-ng.1.18.0/0 - Table of content.txt): STOP=step - Stop the build just after this step (list with list-steps) RESTART=step - Restart the build just before this step (list with list-steps) CT_PREFIX=dir - install samples in dir (see action "build-all", above). V=0|1|2 - 0 => show only human-readable messages (default) 1 => show only the commands being executed 2 => show both Use action "menuconfig" to configure your toolchain Use action "build" to build your toolchain Use action "version" to see the version See "man 1 ct-ng" for some help as well
正如此,看了help之后,才有后面的,各种功能的用法。比如:
查看当前有哪些(默认的)示例配置,可以用:
ct-ng list-samples
查看单个的某个示例配置的核心参数,用:
ct-ng show-<sample>
直接借用(使用,调用)该默认配置,用:
ct-ng <sample>
等等。
关于其他的更多用法,后续会详细解释的。
如上所述,用list-steps,可以查看到,当前,用crosstool-ng去build,去制作交叉编译器,具体分成哪些步骤:
CLi@PC-CLI-1 ~/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build $ ct-ng list-steps Available build steps, in order: - libc_check_config - companion_libs_for_build - binutils_for_build - companion_libs_for_host - binutils_for_host - cc_core_pass_1 - kernel_headers - libc_start_files - cc_core_pass_2 - libc - cc_for_build - cc_for_host - libelf_for_target - binutils_for_target - debug - test_suite - finish Use "<step>" as action to execute only that step. Use "+<step>" as action to execute up to that step. Use "<step>+" as action to execute from that step onward.
知道了,此处分了多少步骤,具体有哪些步骤之后
后面才有可能去实现,从之前出错的哪一步,恢复,继续编译。
如第 3.1.1 节 “用ct-ng help查看所拥有的功能”中所述,我们可以通过
ct-ng list-samples
查看到,当前crosstool-ng中,已经有了哪些默认的,帮我们配置好的哪些配置:
CLi@PC-CLI-1 ~/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0 $ ct-ng list-samples Status Sample name MKDIR config.gen IN config.gen/arch.in IN config.gen/kernel.in IN config.gen/cc.in IN config.gen/binutils.in IN config.gen/libc.in IN config.gen/debug.in [L.X] alphaev56-unknown-linux-gnu [L.X] alphaev67-unknown-linux-gnu [L.X] arm-bare_newlib_cortex_m3_nommu-eabi [L.X] arm-cortex_a15-linux-gnueabi [L..] arm-cortex_a8-linux-gnueabi [L..] arm-davinci-linux-gnueabi [L..] armeb-unknown-eabi [L.X] armeb-unknown-linux-gnueabi [L.X] armeb-unknown-linux-uclibcgnueabi [L..] arm-unknown-eabi [L..] arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi [L.X] arm-unknown-linux-uclibcgnueabi [L.X] armv6-rpi-linux-gnueabi [L.X] avr32-unknown-none [L..] bfin-unknown-linux-uclibc [L..] i586-geode-linux-uclibc [L.X] i586-mingw32msvc,i686-none-linux-gnu [L.X] i686-nptl-linux-gnu [L.X] i686-unknown-mingw32 [L.X] m68k-unknown-elf [L.X] m68k-unknown-uclinux-uclibc [L.X] mips64el-n32-linux-uclibc [L.X] mips64el-n64-linux-uclibc [L.X] mips-ar2315-linux-gnu [L..] mipsel-sde-elf [L..] mipsel-unknown-linux-gnu [L.X] mips-malta-linux-gnu [L..] mips-unknown-elf [L.X] mips-unknown-linux-uclibc [L..] powerpc-405-linux-gnu [L.X] powerpc64-unknown-linux-gnu [L..] powerpc-860-linux-gnu [L.X] powerpc-e300c3-linux-gnu [L.X] powerpc-e500v2-linux-gnuspe [L..] powerpc-unknown_nofpu-linux-gnu [L..] powerpc-unknown-linux-gnu [L..] powerpc-unknown-linux-uclibc [L.X] s390-ibm-linux-gnu [L.X] s390x-ibm-linux-gnu [L..] sh4-unknown-linux-gnu [L..] x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu [L..] x86_64-unknown-linux-uclibc [L.X] x86_64-unknown-mingw32 L (Local) : sample was found in current directory G (Global) : sample was installed with crosstool-NG X (EXPERIMENTAL): sample may use EXPERIMENTAL features B (BROKEN) : sample is currently broken
如此,后续就可以去使用这些默认配置了。
在后续的配置(和编译)之后,可以通过show-tuple,去查看到当前配置的交叉编译器是啥样的:
比如,我之前在折腾:
【记录】重试使用最新版本1.18.0的crosstool-ng去配置和编译xscale的交叉编译器
后,对应的结果是:
CLi@PC-CLI-1 ~/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build $ ct-ng show-tuple arm-xscale-linux-gnueabi
就知道当前,配置的交叉编译器,是:arm-xscale-linux-gnueabi
类似的,可以通过version查看当前的crosstool-ng工具本身的版本:
CLi@PC-CLI-1 ~/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build $ ct-ng version This is crosstool-NG version 1.18.0 Copyright (C) 2008 Yann E. MORIN <[email protected]> This is free software; see the source for copying conditions. There is NO warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
即,此处的crosstool-ng的版本是:1.18.0
从之前介绍的第 3.1.3 节 “用ct-ng list-samples查看当前已包含哪些默认的示例配置”,我们可以看出
对于常见的架构,比如arm,mips,powerpc等等,都有了很多的,已经帮我验证过,可以正常编译的示例配置了
所以,我们接下来,主要就是:
搞懂自己借用哪个配置,然后调用默认配置,然后再确认一下配置,根据自己的情况去改一改,就差不多,就配置好了。
下面介绍,如何去配置crosstool-ng的主要的两种情况:
下面就来详细阐述其含义:
很多时候,我们用crosstool-ng去编译我们要的交叉编译器的时候,所针对的CPU,目标运行环境,想要用的C库等等,
很可能,和之前上面看到的某个配置,是一样的。
此时,我们所要做的事情,其实就是直接拿来用即可。
比如,我们想要针对cortex-a8这款CPU,去编译一个交叉编译器,那么你就会发现,其实默认已有此配置了:
arm-cortex_a8-linux-gnueabi
在使用之前,也是可以先去看看,该配置的主要参数是哪些:
CLi@PC-CLI-1 ~/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build $ ct-ng show-arm-cortex_a8-linux-gnueabi [G..] arm-cortex_a8-linux-gnueabi OS : linux-3.7.3 Companion libs : gmp-4.3.2 mpfr-2.4.2 ppl-0.10.2 cloog-ppl-0.15.9 libelf-0.8.13 binutils : binutils-2.20.1a C compiler : gcc-4.4.6 (C,C++) C library : glibc-2.9 (threads: nptl) Tools : dmalloc-5.5.2 duma-2_5_15 gdb-6.8a ltrace-0.5.3 strace-4.5.19
然后,你就可以直接去调用此配置了:
ct-ng arm-cortex_a8-linux-gnueabi
实际输出,是类似于这样的:
CLi@PC-CLI-1 ~/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build $ ct-ng arm-cortex_a8-linux-gnueabi LN config MKDIR config.gen IN config.gen/arch.in IN config.gen/kernel.in IN config.gen/cc.in IN config.gen/binutils.in IN config.gen/libc.in IN config.gen/debug.in CONF config/config.in # # configuration saved # *********************************************************** Initially reported by: Yann E. MORIN URL: http://ymorin.is-a-geek.org/ *********************************************************** Now configured for "arm-cortex_a8-linux-gnueabi"
一些实际折腾的过程,可参考:
【记录】重试使用最新版本1.18.0的crosstool-ng去配置和编译xscale的交叉编译器
接下来,你就可以去进入配置:
ct-ng menuconfig
去确认一下,是否是完全符合你的要求。
如果有什么个别的配置不满意,再去修改为你自己想要的即可。
很多时候,已经的哪些示例配置,未必完全符合你的需要,这时候,你就只能是:
找个和你的情况最接近的一个示例配置,然后再去基于此配置,去修改成你所要的。
比如,我之前折腾,为TQ2440的S3C2440的CPU,其是arm920t的核
去配置crosstool-ng的时候,就发现,默认的配置中,没有完全合适的。
然后就一点点去调查,而最后搞清楚了,在已有的,arm相关的配置中,davinci,是相对来说,比较接近此处的arm920t的了。
所以,就去调用davinci的默认配置:
ct-ng arm-davinci-linux-gnueabi
然后再按照自己的需求,进入:
ct-ng menuconfig
后,去根据自己的需要,再去确认配置,和修改配置,为自己所需要的。
详细过程参见:
如上,借用已有的配置后,接下来就是去:
ct-ng menuconfig
然后针对里面的配置选项,去根据自己的需要,去修改了。
由于crosstool-ng的功能太多,配置选项太多,
所以,此处,也不太可能,针对每个参数都详细解释其含义。
不过,对于一些核心参数,是我们必须要了解清楚的,
所以,下面就针对,一些核心参数,比较有用的参数,来详细解释解释:
crosstool-ng中,有不少有用的参数,是和,crosstool-ng这个工具本身,有关的
其目的在于,在为你使用此工具时,提供使用上的便利
比如设置多线程,以加快编译速度,节省编译时间,
之前编译在某步出错,然后重新重头编译又需要耗费大量的无谓的时间,而提供了从之前错误的某步中恢复,继续编译,从而节省你的时间
在编译出错时,不退出,而提供机会给你修复错误,修复后,然后可以继续编译
如此等等的参数,目的就一个:
让制作交叉编译器,这个费事费力的活,变得尽可能的省时省力
下面,就来介绍一下这些参数,如何配置,以及详细的含义和用法。
直接给出示例配置:
Paths and misc options (4) Number of parallel jobs
其help的说明为:
┌────────────────────────── Number of parallel jobs ───────────────────────────┐ │ CT_PARALLEL_JOBS: │ │ │ │ Number of jobs make will be allowed to run concurently. │ │ Set this higher than the number of processors you have, but not too high. │ │ A good rule of thumb is twice the number of processors you have. │ │ │ │ Enter 1 to have only one job at a time. │ │ │ │ Enter 0 to set automatically based on how many processors the host has. │ │ │ │ Symbol: PARALLEL_JOBS [=4] │ │ Type : integer │ │ Prompt: Number of parallel jobs │ │ Defined at config/global/build-behave.in:8 │ │ Depends on: !BACKEND [=n] │ │ Location: │ │ -> Paths and misc options │
此处,设置为4,意思是:
同时运行4个进程(去执行crosstool-ng的编译过程)
很明显,多线程去编译的话,会大大缩短整个的编译时间。
此数字的设置,当然,不能随便胡乱设置。
比较常见的做法是:
CPU内核数 x 2
比如,你的是Intel的双核的CPU,那么此值就是:
2 x 2 =4
了。
不用去ct-ng build.N | |
---|---|
此处,设置好此参数后,后续直接去build: ct-ng build 即可自动以对应的多线程去编译了。 无需后续手动再在build上参数,即无需: ct-ng build.4 |
示例配置:
Paths and misc options [*] Debug crosstool-NG [*] Save intermediate steps
Save intermediate steps的help的说明为:
┌────────────────────────── Save intermediate steps ───────────────────────────┐ │ CT_DEBUG_CT_SAVE_STEPS: │ │ │ │ If you say 'y' here, then you will be able to restart crosstool-NG at │ │ any step. │ │ │ │ It is not currently possible to restart at any of the debug facilities. │ │ They are treated as a whole. │ │ │ │ To get the full list os steps, run: ct-ng list-steps │ │ │ │ Symbol: DEBUG_CT_SAVE_STEPS [=y] │ │ Type : boolean │ │ Prompt: Save intermediate steps │ │ Defined at config/global/ct-behave.in:79 │ │ Depends on: DEBUG_CT [=y] │ │ Location: │ │ -> Paths and misc options │ │ -> Debug crosstool-NG (DEBUG_CT [=y]) │
此处,先要选上:Debug crosstool-NG
表示,使用crosstoo-ng的调试方面的功能
再去选上:Save intermediate steps
意思是:
编译完毕每一步之后,都会保存对应的状态
如此,就可以实现对应的,从之前出错的步骤恢复而继续编译的效果了。
当然,实现此效果的前提是,你参考之前的第 3.1.2 节 “用ct-ng list-steps查看本身的build过程分成哪几步”,而搞清楚了,crosstool-ng的编译,其本身分了哪些步骤。
然后直到自己是在哪一步出的错,然后才可以实现回复出错的步骤,而继续编译。
总的逻辑是:
找到之前编译,最后成功的那一步(last successful step)。
然后去执行:
ct-ng last_successful_step+
就可以继续恢复继续编译了。
例 3.1. 从出错的那一步恢复重新继续编译
比如,我之前折腾:
期间,当时出错的输出信息是:
================================================================= [INFO ] Installing MPC for host [EXTRA] Configuring MPC [EXTRA] Building MPC [EXTRA] Installing MPC [INFO ] Installing MPC for host: done in 182.22s (at 27:10) [EXTRA] Saving state to restart at step 'binutils_for_host'... [INFO ] ================================================================= [INFO ] Installing binutils for host [EXTRA] Configuring binutils [ERROR] configure: error: cannot create configure.lineno; rerun with a POSIX shell [ERROR] [ERROR] >> [ERROR] >> Build failed in step 'Installing binutils for host' [ERROR] >> called in step '(top-level)' [ERROR] >> [ERROR] >> Error happened in: CT_DoExecLog[scripts/functions@257] [ERROR] >> called from: do_binutils_backend[scripts/build/binutils/binutils.sh@205] [ERROR] >> called from: do_binutils_for_host[scripts/build/binutils/binutils.sh@92] [ERROR] >> called from: main[scripts/crosstool-NG.sh@632] Current command: 'CFLAGS=-O2 -g -pipe ' 'CXXFLAGS=-O2 -g -pipe ' 'LDFLAGS= ' '/home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/binutils-2.22/configure' '--build=i686-build_pc-cygwin' '--host=i686-build_pc-cygwin' '--target=arm-xscale-linux-gnueabi' '--prefix=/home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/x-tools/arm-xscale-linux-gnueabi' '--disable-werror' '--enable-ld=yes' '--enable-gold=no' '--with-pkgversion=crosstool-NG 1.18.0' '--disable-multilib' '--disable-nls' '--with-float=softfp' '--with-sysroot=/home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/x-tools/arm-xscale-linux-gnueabi/arm-xscale-linux-gnueabi/sysroot' exited with error code: 1 Please fix it up and finish by exiting the shell with one of these values: 1 fixed, continue with next build command 2 repeat this build command 3 abort build ct-ng:~/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/arm-xscale-linux-gnueabi/build/build-binutils-host-i686-build_pc-cygwin>
此处,我们能看到的是,在当前的:
[INFO ] Installing binutils for host
而出错了,而对应的,在此之前的,最后一个正确编译的阶段,是对应着有输出:
[EXTRA] Saving state to restart at step 'binutils_for_host'...
的那一步,即:
binutils_for_host
此时,你就可以用:
ct-ng binutils_for_host+
而实现:
(给定,之前最后正常执行的那一步(last successful step),往后,)从上述出错的那一步,继续正常编译的效果了。
即,所谓的:restore from fail step
此处不是ct-ng last_fail_step+ | |
---|---|
此处,之前不熟悉此功能的用法,结果去用: ct-ng last_fail_step+ 的方法,即用: ct-ng cc_core_pass_1+ 想要回复错误,继续执行,结果就出现: [ERROR] The previous build did not reach the point where it could be restarted at xxx 之类的错误了。 详见: |
RESTART=step的参数估计也可以实现同样的从错误那步恢复继续编译的效果 | |
---|---|
从之前的第 3.1.1 节 “用ct-ng help查看所拥有的功能”中可以看出 估计在build的时候,指定对应的RESTART=step ct-ng build RESTART=last_successful_step 应该也可以实现类似的效果的。 有空的话,可以去试试。 |
说实话,对于上面的那个:第 3.3.1.2 节 “从之前错误的那一步恢复继续编译”的功能,已经很强大了
而crosstool-ng,工具做的就是好。
因为,除此之外,又进一步的支持这个,出错时不立刻退出,的功能。
配置如下:
Paths and misc options [*] Debug crosstool-NG [*] Interactive shell on failed commands
Interactive shell on failed commands的help的说明为:
┌─────────────────── Interactive shell on failed commands ────────────────────┐ │ CT_DEBUG_INTERACTIVE: │ │ │ │ If you say 'y' here, then an interactive shell will be spawned for │ │ each failed command. │ │ │ │ This shell will have the same environment that the failed command │ │ was run with, and the working directory will be set to the directory │ │ the failed command was run in. │ │ │ │ After you fix the issue, you can exit the interactive shell with any │ │ of these exit codes: │ │ 1 the issue was fixed, continue the build with the next command │ │ 2 the issue was fixed, re-run the failed command │ │ 3 abort the build │ │ │ │ Note: '2' is only possible for commands run via CT_DoExecLog, though. │ │ │ │ Symbol: DEBUG_INTERACTIVE [=y] │ │ Type : boolean │ │ Prompt: Interactive shell on failed commands │ │ Defined at config/global/ct-behave.in:121 │ │ Depends on: DEBUG_CT [=y] │ │ Location: │ │ -> Paths and misc options │ │ -> Debug crosstool-NG (DEBUG_CT [=y]) │
此处,参数Interactive shell on failed commands的含义是:
直译为:当编译(命令)出错时,提供交互式的shell
其具体实际效果是:
正常情况下,当编译出错,会直接退出crosstool-ng的编译环境,回到当前的命令行。
而设置了此参数后,当编译失败时,不是直接退出编译
而是提供一个交互式的shell
然后你可以(另开一个终端)去修复你的问题
然后修复问题后,再通过
exit N
实现对应的返回N的值,达到对应的效果:
(不重新执行,之前错误的那个命令)
而接着直接继续编译
重新执行之前错误的那个命令
然后接着继续执行
常用于:
当某个.c文件编译出错了,然后你另起一个终端,去修改了该.c文件,解决了错误。
然后就可以通过
exit 2
而使得,重新执行命令,重新编译该.c文件,而使得可以正常编译,继续编译。
直接退出编译
相当于,直接按Ctrl+C,而中断编译
例 3.2. 如何在编译失败后,修复错误,然后继续接着编译
比如,我之前折腾
【记录】crosstool为xscale编译(ct-ng build)过程
时,遇到编译出错后,就回到当前命令行了:
================================================================= [INFO ] Installing static core C compiler [EXTRA] Configuring static core C compiler [EXTRA] Building static core C compiler [EXTRA] Installing static core C compiler [INFO ] Installing static core C compiler: done in 1282.54s (at 67:22) [EXTRA] Saving state to restart at step 'libc_headers'... [INFO ] ================================================================= [INFO ] Installing C library headers [EXTRA] Configuring C library [EXTRA] Installing C library headers [ERROR] make[3]: *** [/home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/x-tools/arm-xscale-linux-gnueabi/arm-xscale-linux-gnueabi//sys-root/usr/include/sys/uio.h] Error 1 [ERROR] make[2]: *** [misc/install-headers] Error 2 [ERROR] make[1]: *** [install-headers] Error 2 [ERROR] Build failed in step 'Installing C library headers' [ERROR] Error happened in '/opt/crosstool-ng/lib/ct-ng-1.9.3/scripts/functions' in function 'CT_DoExecLog' (line unknown, sorry) [ERROR] called from '/opt/crosstool-ng/lib/ct-ng-1.9.3/scripts/build/libc/glibc.sh' at line # 175 in function 'do_libc_headers' [ERROR] called from '/opt/crosstool-ng/lib/ct-ng-1.9.3/scripts/crosstool-NG.sh' at line # 597 in function 'main' [ERROR] Look at '/home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/x-tools/arm-xscale-linux-gnueabi/build.log' for more info on this error. [ERROR] (elapsed: 76:07.10) [76:12] / /opt/crosstool-ng/bin/ct-ng:143: recipe for target `build' failed make: *** [build] Error 2 CLi@PC-CLI-1 ~/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.9.3_build $
没有给你机会去修复错误,然后继续编译。
而你能做的,做节省时间的方式,也最多只是,参考:第 3.3.1.2 节 “从之前错误的那一步恢复继续编译”去,在解决了问题之后,去:
ct-ng libc_headers+
从而达到,从出错的步骤,恢复后继续编译的效果,不再重复之前的已经成功编译的那些步骤。
但是,即便是这样,对于编译最开始的部分:
CLi@PC-CLI-1 ~/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.9.3_build $ ct-ng build [INFO ] Performing some trivial sanity checks [INFO ] Build started 20130724.093552 [INFO ] Building environment variables [EXTRA] Preparing working directories
等步骤,还是需要花点时间的,还是有点重复浪费的感觉。
所以,此处,选中了上面所说的那个"Interactive shell on failed commands"选项后,
当编译出错后,会出现类似于:
【已解决】Ubuntu中crosstool-ng编译出错:scripts/unifdef.c:209:25: error: conflicting types for ‘getline’
中的这样的效果:
[INFO ] ================================================================= [INFO ] Installing kernel headers [EXTRA] Installing kernel headers [ERROR] /home/crifan/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/linux-custom/scripts/unifdef.c:209:25: error: conflicting types for 'getline' [ERROR] make[3]: *** [scripts/unifdef] Error 1 [ERROR] make[2]: *** [headers_install] Error 2 [ERROR] make[1]: *** [headers_install] Error 2 [ERROR] [ERROR] >> [ERROR] >> Build failed in step 'Installing kernel headers' [ERROR] >> called in step '(top-level)' [ERROR] >> [ERROR] >> Error happened in: CT_DoExecLog[scripts/functions@257] [ERROR] >> called from: do_kernel_install[scripts/build/kernel/linux.sh@112] [ERROR] >> called from: do_kernel_headers[scripts/build/kernel/linux.sh@91] [ERROR] >> called from: main[scripts/crosstool-NG.sh@632] Current command: 'make' '-C' '/home/crifan/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/linux-custom' 'O=/home/crifan/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/arm-xscale-linux-gnueabi/build/build-kernel-headers' 'ARCH=arm' 'INSTALL_HDR_PATH=/home/crifan/develop/crosstool-ng/x-tools/arm-xscale-linux-gnueabi/arm-xscale-linux-gnueabi/sysroot/usr' 'V=0' 'headers_install' exited with error code: 2 Please fix it up and finish by exiting the shell with one of these values: 1 fixed, continue with next build command 2 repeat this build command 3 abort build ct-ng:~/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build>
即,有对应的
Please fix it up and finish by exiting the shell with one of these values
那些信息。
然后,当你去解决了对应的问题后:
此处,只是去修改对应的.build/src/linux-custom/scripts/unifdef.c
,即可。
然后,就可以通过输入:
exit 2
就可以实现:
重新执行此处刚才出错的命令,然后继续重新去编译刚才出错的那个.build/src/linux-custom/scripts/unifdef.c
文件,
从而实现:
当编译出错时,也不立刻退出crosstool-ng的编译,
允许你去修复对应的问题,然后修复完毕后,可以接着继续编译。
因而实现了:
避免重复的,之前的各个步骤,包括最开始的环境检查等等的时间
真正的,彻底的,最大程度上的,节省你的时间和精力。
crosstool-ng中有很多配置参数。
其中一些核心参数,是交叉编码方面,比如搞清楚,和配置正确的参数。
下面就来详细解释这些参数的含义和说明如何配置。
此处介绍,和crosstool-ng,为了交叉编译,作为工具本身方面的一些常见的,重要的参数的配置。
常见配置如下:
Paths and misc options (${HOME}/develop/crosstool-ng/src) Local tarballs directory
Local tarballs directory的help的说明为:
┌───────────────────────── Local tarballs directory ──────────────────────────┐ │ CT_LOCAL_TARBALLS_DIR: │ │ │ │ If you have previously downloaded the tarballs, enter the PATH where │ │ you stored them here. │ │ │ │ Symbol: LOCAL_TARBALLS_DIR [=${HOME}/develop/crosstool-ng/src] │ │ Type : string │ │ Prompt: Local tarballs directory │ │ Defined at config/global/paths.in:5 │ │ Depends on: !BACKEND [=n] │ │ Location: │ │ -> Paths and misc options │
即,你之前配置好的各种模块,包括C库,GCC,binutils等等所有的东西,下载下来,都放在此文件夹中。
所有的东西,都放在其下,包括:
一般使用默认配置,如下:
Paths and misc options (${CT_TOP_DIR}/.build) Working directory
Working directory的help的说明为:
┌───────────────────────────── Working directory ─────────────────────────────┐ │ CT_WORK_DIR: │ │ │ │ Set this to the directory where all build actions will be done. │ │ │ │ The default is "${CT_TOP_DIR}/.build", and leaving this option │ │ empty will also use the default. │ │ │ │ You should not need to change that, except in one very peculiar │ │ setup: │ │ - your crosstool-NG source directory is on the network │ │ - you configured crosstool-NG with --local │ │ This kind of setup is a pain, as any action involving source file │ │ access would have to go through the wire. In this case, you should │ │ set CT_WORK_DIR to point to a path local to your machine, to avoid │ │ any network overhead. │ │ │ │ Do *NOT* change it if you don't know better. │ │ │ │ Symbol: WORK_DIR [=${CT_TOP_DIR}/.build] │ │ Type : string │ │ Prompt: Working directory │ │ Defined at config/global/paths.in:31 │ │ Depends on: !BACKEND [=n] │ │ Location: │ │ -> Paths and misc options │
改为你自己的,对应的x-tools/${CT_TARGET}的路径:
Paths and misc options (${HOME}/develop/crosstool-ng/x-tools/${CT_TARGET}) Prefix directory
Prefix directory的help的说明为:
┌────────────────────────────── Prefix directory ──────────────────────────────┐ │ CT_PREFIX_DIR: │ │ │ │ This is the path the toolchain will run from. │ │ │ │ Symbol: PREFIX_DIR [=${HOME}/develop/crosstool-ng/x-tools/${CT_TARGET}] │ │ Type : string │ │ Prompt: Prefix directory │ │ Defined at config/global/paths.in:52 │ │ Depends on: !BACKEND [=n] │ │ Location: │ │ -> Paths and misc options │
crosstool-ng中的Architecture level, Emit assembly for CPU, Tune for CPU,分别对应的是gcc中的-march=xxx, -mcpu=xxx, -mtune=xxx
而这几个参数,是相对最最核心的,最最重要的配置了。
例 3.3. 举例说明Architecture level, Emit assembly for CPU, Tune for CPU如何去配置
比如,我之前的折腾:
中的:
以及后来的折腾:
【整理】crosstool-ng中的Architecture level,Emit assembly for CPU,Tune for CPU对于TQ2440的S3C2440的ARM920T填写何值
而搞清楚了自己的xscale的CPU所对应的配置是:
以及,后来的折腾:
【记录】Cygwin下为arm920t配置crosstool-ng
中的:
【整理】crosstool-ng中的Architecture level,Emit assembly for CPU,Tune for CPU对于TQ2440的S3C2440的ARM920T填写何值
去搞懂了,S3C2440的对应的配置是:
crosstool-ng中,对于MMU的配置,此处如下:
Target options [*] Use the MMU
Use the MMU的help的说明为:
┌──────────────────────────────── Use the MMU ─────────────────────────────────┐ │ CT_ARCH_USE_MMU: │ │ │ │ If your architecture has an MMU and you want to use it, │ │ say 'Y' here. │ │ │ │ OTOH, if you don't want to use the MMU, or your arch │ │ lacks an MMU, say 'N' here. │ │ │ │ Note that some architectures (eg. ARM) has variants that │ │ lacks an MMU (eg. ARM Cortex-M3), while other variants │ │ have one (eg. ARM Cortex-A8). │ │ │ │ Symbol: ARCH_USE_MMU [=y] │ │ Type : boolean │ │ Prompt: Use the MMU │ │ Defined at config/target.in:87 │ │ Depends on: ARCH_SUPPORTS_BOTH_MMU [=y] │ │ Location: │ │ -> Target options │ │ Selected by: ARCH_alpha [=n] && GEN_CHOICE_ARCH [=y] && \ │ │ ARCH_alpha_AVAILABLE [=y] || ARCH_s390 [=n] && GEN_CHOICE_ARCH [=y] && \ │ │ ARCH_s390_AVAILABLE [=y] || ARCH_powerpc [=n] && GEN_CHOICE_ARCH [=y] && \ │ │ ARCH_powerpc_AVAILABLE [=y] || ARCH_sparc [=n] && GEN_CHOICE_ARCH [=y] && \ │ │ ARCH_sparc_AVAILABLE [=y] || ARCH_mips [=n] && GEN_CHOICE_ARCH [=y] && \ │ │ ARCH_mips_AVAILABLE [=y] || ARCH_avr32 [=n] && GEN_CHOICE_ARCH [=y] && \ │ │ ARCH_avr32_AVAILABLE [=y] || ARCH_sh [=n] && GEN_CHOICE_ARCH [=y] && \ │ │ ARCH_sh_AVAILABLE [=y] || ARCH_x86 [=n] && GEN_CHOICE_ARCH [=y] && \ │ │ ARCH_x86_AVAILABLE [=y] │
此处,已经选上了MMU,是因为之前对于CPU部分,是在:
设置为xscale的,而xscale的CPU,全都是有MMU的。
所以,此处,crosstool-ng(根据内部已经实现好的依赖关系),已经自动帮你选上MMU了。
需要了解的是,现在多数的CPU,都是已经支持MMU的。
只有之前的很老的CPU,有的才不支持MMU。
crosstool-ng中,对于MMU的配置,此处如下:
Target options Endianness: (Little endian) --->
Endianness的help的说明为:
┌──────────────────────────────── Endianness: ─────────────────────────────────┐ │ There is no help available for this option. │ │ Prompt: Endianness: │ │ Defined at config/target.in:112 │ │ Depends on: ARCH_SUPPORTS_BOTH_ENDIAN [=y] │ │ Location: │ │ -> Target options │ │ Selected by: ARCH_SUPPORTS_BOTH_ENDIAN [=y] && m │
此处,将Endianness设置为小端(Little endian)
一般,多数情况下,都是小端。
不论设置大端(Big Endian)还是小端(Little endian)
都要确保本身CPU是支持此种模式的。
比如,之前,也是经过确认,才知道,xscale,本身是,既支持大端,也支持小端的:
所以,此处设置小端,也才是确保,CPU本身是支持的。
关于大端和小端的区别的,不熟悉的可参考:
crosstool-ng中的配置中,同样会涉及到,当前的CPU,是否有FPU,浮点处理单元。
一般来说,多数CPU都是没有的。
比如,我之前的折腾:
【记录】Cygwin下为arm920t配置crosstool-ng
就发现,当然的S3C2440dearm920t的话,是不支持FPU的。
所以,此处,就设置为对应的,软件浮点了:
Target options () Use specific FPU Floating point: (softfp (FPU)) --->
Use specific FPU的help的说明为:
┌────────────────────────────── Use specific FPU ──────────────────────────────┐ │ CT_ARCH_FPU: │ │ │ │ On some targets (eg. ARM), you can specify the kind of FPU to emit │ │ code for. │ │ │ │ This is the configuration flag --with-fpu=XXX, and the runtime flag │ │ -mfpu=XXX. │ │ │ │ See below wether to actually emit FP opcodes, or to emulate them. │ │ │ │ Pick a value from the gcc manual for your choosen gcc version and your │ │ target CPU. │ │ │ │ Leave blank if you don't know, or if your target architecture does not │ │ offer this option. │ │ │ │ Symbol: ARCH_FPU [=] │ │ Type : string │ │ Prompt: Use specific FPU │ │ Defined at config/target.in:274 │ │ Depends on: ARCH_SUPPORTS_WITH_FPU [=y] │ │ Location: │ │ -> Target options │
Floating point的help的说明为:
┌────────────────────────────── Floating point: ───────────────────────────────┐ │ There is no help available for this option. │ │ Prompt: Floating point: │ │ Defined at config/target.in:294 │ │ Depends on: ARCH_SUPPORTS_WITH_FLOAT [=y] │ │ Location: │ │ -> Target options │ │ Selected by: ARCH_SUPPORTS_WITH_FLOAT [=y] && m │
可见,此处的FPU,就是对应着gcc中的参数:-mfpu=XXX
对应的,如果是你:
中所举例的Cortex-A9 with NEON的CPU的话,那么此处的设置就是:
Target options (neon) Use specific FPU Floating point: (hardware (FPU)) --->
了,而此时,你也可以看到,配置选择中,又多了个,关于后缀hf的选项,你也可以选择该项:
Target options [*] append 'hf' to the tuple (EXPERIMENTAL)
append 'hf' to the tuple的help的说明为:
┌───────────────── append 'hf' to the tuple (EXPERIMENTAL) ─────────────────┐ │ CT_ARCH_ARM_TUPLE_USE_EABIHF: │ │ │ │ Is you say 'y' here, then the tuple for the toolchain will end │ │ up with *eabihf, instead of the usual *eabi. │ │ │ │ *eabihf is used to denote that the toolchain *is* using the │ │ hard-float ABI, while *eabi is just an indication of using the │ │ soft-float ABI. │ │ │ │ Ie. all one can say is: *eabihf hard-float ABI │ │ │ │ Saying 'n' here does *not* impact the ability of the toolchain to │ │ generate hard-float instructions with the hard-float ABI. It is a │ │ purely cosmetic thing, used by distros to differentiate their │ │ hard-float-ABI-using ports from their soft-float-ABI-using ports. │ │ (eg. Debian Wheezy and above). │ │ │ │ This is an option, as not all versions of gcc/binutils do support │ │ such tuple, and fail to build with *eabihf. Stock gcc version up │ │ to, and including 4.7.2 have an issue or another with *eabihf. │ │ │ │ This option is here for the future. │ │ │ │ Say 'n', unless you are trying to fix gcc to properly recognise │ │ the *eabihf tuples. │ │ │ │ Symbol: ARCH_ARM_TUPLE_USE_EABIHF [=y] │ │ Type : boolean │ │ Prompt: append 'hf' to the tuple (EXPERIMENTAL) │ │ Defined at config/arch/arm.in.2:64 │ │ Depends on: ARCH_arm [=y] && ARCH_FLOAT_HW [=y] && ARCH_ARM_EABI [=y]\ │ │ && EXPERIMENTAL [=y] │ │ Location: │ │ -> Target options │ │ -> Use EABI (ARCH_ARM_EABI [=y]) │
crosstool-ng中,支持设置对应的CFLAGS参数,以传递给底层的gcc的。
经过之前的调查:
【整理】crosstool中Target CFLAGS参数的含义和如何设置
结论是:
一般设置为-O,即可。
Target options (-O) Target CFLAGS
Target CFLAGS的help的说明为:
┌────────────────────────────── Target CFLAGS ──────────────────────────────┐ │ CT_TARGET_CFLAGS: │ │ │ │ Used to add specific options when compiling libraries of the toolchain, │ │ that will run on the target (eg. libc.so). │ │ │ │ Note that the options above for ARCH, ABI, CPU, TUNE and FPU will be │ │ automatically used. You don't need to specify them here. │ │ │ │ Leave blank if you don't know better. │ │ │ │ Symbol: TARGET_CFLAGS [=-O] │ │ Type : string │ │ Prompt: Target CFLAGS │ │ Defined at config/target.in:341 │ │ Location: │ │ -> Target options │
目前我的理解是:
对于你进行嵌入式开发时,所选择的对应的Linux版本,应该和此处交叉编译器配置的Linux内核版本要一致。
比如,我之前折腾:
【记录】重试使用最新版本1.18.0的crosstool-ng去配置和编译xscale的交叉编译器
时,去选择了,自定义版本的Linux内核:linux-2.6.19.1.tar.bz2
所以,此处,就先去把对应的,自己的linux-2.6.19.1.tar.bz2
,放到对应的路径下:
Cygwin下面的:
/home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/src/linux-2.6.19.1.tar.bz2
而当前自己的HOME路径是:
/home/CLi
所以就可以去设置为:
Operating System Linux kernel version (custom tarball or directory) ---> custom tarball or directory (${HOME}/develop/crosstool-ng/src/linux-2.6.19.1.tar.bz2) Path to custom source, tarball or directory
Path to custom source, tarball or directory的help的说明为:
┌─────────────────────────── Path to custom source, tarball or directory ───────────────────────────┐ │ CT_KERNEL_LINUX_CUSTOM_LOCATION: │ │ │ │ Enter here the path to the tarball of your full kernel tree or │ │ kernel directory │ │ │ │ Symbol: KERNEL_LINUX_CUSTOM_LOCATION [=${HOME}/develop/crosstool-ng/src/linux-2.6.19.1.tar.bz2] │ │ Type : string │ │ Prompt: Path to custom source, tarball or directory │ │ Defined at config/kernel/linux.in:148 │ │ Depends on: <choice> && KERNEL_LINUX_CUSTOM [=y] │ │ Location: │ │ -> Operating System │ │ -> Linux kernel version (<choice> [=y]) │ │ -> custom tarball or directory (KERNEL_LINUX_CUSTOM [=y]) │
如此,之后编译的时候,就可以找到你自己设置的Linux内核,并解压,去加载对应的头文件等内容了。
binutils,是编译交叉编译器时,一个比较重要的组件。
对应的版本的选择,一般还是按照之前使用示例配置时,选择的为准。
如果后期编译出错,实在解决不了的时候,再考虑换个其他的版本试试。
我目前的配置,供参考:
Binary utilities binutils version (2.22) --->
binutils version的help的说明为:
┌─────────────────────── binutils version ────────────────────────┐ │ There is no help available for this option. │ │ Prompt: binutils version │ │ Defined at config/binutils/binutils.in:5 │ │ Depends on: BINUTILS_binutils [=y] │ │ Location: │ │ -> Binary utilities │ │ Selected by: BINUTILS_binutils [=y] && m │
crosstool-ng中的gcc的版本选择,也是属于极其重要的参数。
此处我的gcc版本的选择,还是按照之前的逻辑,选用示例配置中的gcc的版本的,此处是4.6.0版本的:
并且,对应着,此处,如果没有特殊需求,则只是选择C++的,即可。
即,剩余那些语言:Fortran,Java,ADA,Objective-C,Objective-C++等,都无需选择。
我此处的配置如下,供参考:
C compiler C compiler (gcc) ---> gcc version (4.6.0) ---> [*] C++ [ ] Fortran [ ] Java [ ] ADA (EXPERIMENTAL) [ ] Objective-C (EXPERIMENTAL) [ ] Objective-C++ (EXPERIMENTAL) () Other languages (EXPERIMENTAL)
Linaro版本的gcc | |
---|---|
Linaro版本的gcc,crosstool-ng现在也支持了。 所以,对应的可以看到,在之前选上: Paths and misc options [*] Try features marked as EXPERIMENTAL 之后,此处的gcc中,就可以去选上: C compiler [*] Show Linaro versions 然后就可以去"gcc version"中,找到有多个Linaro版本的gcc了: │ │ ( ) linaro-4.7-2013.01 │ │ │ │ ( ) 4.7.2 │ │ │ │ ( ) 4.7.1 │ │ │ │ ( ) 4.7.0 │ │ │ │ ( ) linaro-4.6-2013.01 │ │ │ │ ( ) 4.6.3 │ │ │ │ ( ) 4.6.2 │ │ │ │ ( ) 4.6.1 │ │ │ │ (X) 4.6.0 │ │ │ │ ( ) linaro-4.5-2012.03 │ │ │ │ ( ) 4.5.3 │ │ │ │ ( ) 4.5.2 │ │ │ │ ( ) 4.5.1 │ │ │ │ ( ) 4.5.0 │ │ │ │ ( ) linaro-4.4-2011.02-0 │ │ │ │ ( ) 4.4.7 │ │ │ │ ( ) 4.4.6 │ │ │ │ ( ) 4.4.5 │ │ │ │ ( ) 4.4.4 │ │ │ │ ( ) 4.4.3 │ │ │ │ ( ) 4.4.2 │ │ │ │ ( ) 4.4.1 │ │ │ │ ( ) 4.4.0 │ │ │ │ ( ) 4.3.6 │ │ │ │ ( ) 4.3.5 │ │ │ │ ( ) 4.3.4 │ │ │ │ ( ) 4.3.3 │ │ │ │ ( ) 4.3.2 │ │ │ │ ( ) 4.3.1 │ │ │ │ ( ) 4.2.4 │ │ 然后,如果需要的话,可以去选上某个Linaro版本的gcc,比如: C compiler gcc version (linaro-4.7-2013.01) ---> 关于Linaro不熟悉的,可参考: |
crosstool-ng中,关于C库的选择,也是个重要的问题。
常见的有三种C库:glibc,eglibc,uclibc
不了解的,可参考:【整理】uclibc,eglibc,glibc之间的区别和联系
一般选择glibc或者是eglibc。
我此处,选择的是glibc,对应的版本选择,也是使用之前示例配置中的2.9
配置如下:
C-library C library (glibc) ---> glibc version (2.9) --->
线程模型主要分两种:linuxThreads和nptl
相关区别,可参考这个帖子:Linux 线程模型的比较:LinuxThreads 和 NPTL
现在多数都选择,默认的nptl
配置如下:
C-library Threading implementation to use: (nptl) --->
相关旧帖:【总结】crosstool-ng使用心得和注意事项
在之前配置完毕crosstool-ng后,就可以去编译了。
ct-ng build
然后,如果顺利的话,过一定的时间,你就可以编译完成,得到对应的交叉编译器了。
ct-ng build总共所耗时间 | |
---|---|
此处crosstool-ng的编译总体花费时间,取决于你的总体配置,机器性能等因素。 比较老的一些电脑,估计会在3,4个小时,甚至更多的时间。 目前多数电脑的性能,平均在1到2个小时前后。 比如,我之前的一次编译: 【记录】在Ubuntu下用crosstool-ng编译xscale的交叉工具链 就花费了72分钟。 |
例 4.1. 正常输出的log信息
此处,贴上,我之前:
【记录】在Ubuntu下用crosstool-ng编译xscale的交叉工具链
的成功编译的输出的内容(去除之前错误,合并正常的输出后的结果):
crifan@ubuntu:~/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build$ ct-ng build [INFO ] Performing some trivial sanity checks [INFO ] Build started 20130807.235739 [INFO ] Building environment variables [EXTRA] Preparing working directories [EXTRA] Installing user-supplied crosstool-NG configuration [EXTRA] ================================================================= [EXTRA] Dumping internal crosstool-NG configuration [EXTRA] Building a toolchain for: [EXTRA] build = i686-pc-linux-gnu [EXTRA] host = i686-pc-linux-gnu [EXTRA] target = arm-xscale-linux-gnueabi [EXTRA] Dumping internal crosstool-NG configuration: done in 0.09s (at 00:02) [INFO ] ================================================================= [INFO ] Retrieving needed toolchain components' tarballs [EXTRA] Using 'linux-custom' from custom location [INFO ] Retrieving needed toolchain components' tarballs: done in 0.30s (at 00:02) [INFO ] ================================================================= [INFO ] Extracting and patching toolchain components [EXTRA] Extracting 'linux-custom' [EXTRA] Extracting 'gmp-5.0.2' [EXTRA] Patching 'gmp-5.0.2' [EXTRA] Extracting 'mpfr-3.1.0' [EXTRA] Patching 'mpfr-3.1.0' [EXTRA] Extracting 'mpc-0.9' [EXTRA] Patching 'mpc-0.9' [EXTRA] Extracting 'libelf-0.8.13' [EXTRA] Patching 'libelf-0.8.13' [EXTRA] Extracting 'binutils-2.22' [EXTRA] Patching 'binutils-2.22' [EXTRA] Extracting 'gcc-4.6.0' [EXTRA] Patching 'gcc-4.6.0' [EXTRA] Extracting 'glibc-2.9' [EXTRA] Patching 'glibc-2.9' [EXTRA] Extracting 'glibc-ports-2.9' [EXTRA] Patching 'glibc-ports-2.9' [EXTRA] Extracting 'dmalloc-5.5.2' [EXTRA] Patching 'dmalloc-5.5.2' [EXTRA] Extracting 'gdb-6.8a' [EXTRA] Patching 'gdb-6.8a' [EXTRA] Extracting 'ncurses-5.9' [EXTRA] Patching 'ncurses-5.9' [EXTRA] Extracting 'expat-2.1.0' [EXTRA] Patching 'expat-2.1.0' [EXTRA] Extracting 'ltrace-0.5.3' [EXTRA] Patching 'ltrace-0.5.3' [EXTRA] Extracting 'strace-4.5.19' [EXTRA] Patching 'strace-4.5.19' [INFO ] Extracting and patching toolchain components: done in 89.30s (at 01:32) [EXTRA] Saving state to restart at step 'libc_check_config'... [EXTRA] Saving state to restart at step 'companion_libs_for_build'... [EXTRA] Saving state to restart at step 'binutils_for_build'... [EXTRA] Saving state to restart at step 'companion_libs_for_host'... [INFO ] ================================================================= [INFO ] Installing GMP for host [EXTRA] Configuring GMP [EXTRA] Building GMP [EXTRA] Installing GMP [INFO ] Installing GMP for host: done in 50.61s (at 02:23) [INFO ] ================================================================= [INFO ] Installing MPFR for host [EXTRA] Configuring MPFR [EXTRA] Building MPFR [EXTRA] Installing MPFR [INFO ] Installing MPFR for host: done in 21.73s (at 02:45) [INFO ] ================================================================= [INFO ] Installing MPC for host [EXTRA] Configuring MPC [EXTRA] Building MPC [EXTRA] Installing MPC [INFO ] Installing MPC for host: done in 8.38s (at 02:53) [EXTRA] Saving state to restart at step 'binutils_for_host'... [INFO ] ================================================================= [INFO ] Installing binutils for host [EXTRA] Configuring binutils [EXTRA] Building binutils [EXTRA] Installing binutils [INFO ] Installing binutils for host: done in 71.16s (at 04:05) [EXTRA] Saving state to restart at step 'cc_core_pass_1'... [INFO ] ================================================================= [INFO ] Installing pass-1 core C compiler [EXTRA] Configuring gcc [EXTRA] Building gcc ... [INFO ] ================================================================= [INFO ] Installing kernel headers [EXTRA] Installing kernel headers ... [INFO ] Installing kernel headers: done in 972.34s (at 39:34) [EXTRA] Saving state to restart at step 'libc_start_files'... [INFO ] ================================================================= [INFO ] Installing C library headers & start files [EXTRA] Configuring C library [EXTRA] Installing C library headers [EXTRA] Installing C library start files [INFO ] Installing C library headers & start files: done in 23.14s (at 40:02) [EXTRA] Saving state to restart at step 'cc_core_pass_2'... [INFO ] ================================================================= [INFO ] Installing pass-2 core C compiler [EXTRA] Configuring gcc [EXTRA] Building gcc [EXTRA] Installing gcc [INFO ] Installing pass-2 core C compiler: done in 297.35s (at 45:04) [EXTRA] Saving state to restart at step 'libc'... [INFO ] ================================================================= [INFO ] Installing C library [EXTRA] Configuring C library [EXTRA] Building C library [EXTRA] Installing C library [INFO ] Installing C library: done in 286.37s (at 49:56) [EXTRA] Saving state to restart at step 'cc_for_build'... [EXTRA] Saving state to restart at step 'cc_for_host'... [INFO ] ================================================================= [INFO ] Installing final compiler [EXTRA] Configuring gcc [EXTRA] Building gcc [EXTRA] Installing gcc [INFO ] Installing final compiler: done in 377.10s (at 56:25) [EXTRA] Saving state to restart at step 'libelf_for_target'... [INFO ] ================================================================= [INFO ] Installing libelf for the target [EXTRA] Configuring libelf [EXTRA] Building libelf [EXTRA] Installing libelf [INFO ] Installing libelf for the target: done in 3.99s (at 56:42) [EXTRA] Saving state to restart at step 'binutils_for_target'... [INFO ] ================================================================= [INFO ] Installing binutils for target [EXTRA] Configuring binutils for target [EXTRA] Building binutils' libraries (libiberty bfd) for target [EXTRA] Installing binutils' libraries (libiberty bfd) for target [INFO ] Installing binutils for target: done in 44.91s (at 57:40) [EXTRA] Saving state to restart at step 'debug'... [INFO ] ================================================================= [INFO ] Installing dmalloc [EXTRA] Configuring dmalloc [EXTRA] Building dmalloc [EXTRA] Installing dmalloc [INFO ] Installing dmalloc: done in 6.77s (at 57:59) [INFO ] ================================================================= [INFO ] Installing cross-gdb [EXTRA] Configuring cross-gdb [EXTRA] Building cross-gdb ... [INFO ] Installing cross-gdb: done in 687.38s (at 69:26) [INFO ] ================================================================= [INFO ] Installing native gdb [EXTRA] Building static target ncurses [EXTRA] Building static target expat [EXTRA] Configuring native gdb [EXTRA] Building native gdb [EXTRA] Installing native gdb [INFO ] Installing native gdb: done in 140.70s (at 71:47) [INFO ] ================================================================= [INFO ] Installing gdbserver [EXTRA] Configuring gdbserver [EXTRA] Building gdbserver [EXTRA] Installing gdbserver [INFO ] Installing gdbserver: done in 4.65s (at 71:52) [INFO ] ================================================================= [INFO ] Installing ltrace [EXTRA] Copying sources to build dir [EXTRA] Configuring ltrace [EXTRA] Building ltrace [EXTRA] Installing ltrace [INFO ] Installing ltrace: done in 2.37s (at 71:54) [INFO ] ================================================================= [INFO ] Installing strace [EXTRA] Configuring strace [EXTRA] Building strace [EXTRA] Installing strace [INFO ] Installing strace: done in 9.33s (at 72:04) [EXTRA] Saving state to restart at step 'test_suite'... [EXTRA] Saving state to restart at step 'finish'... [INFO ] ================================================================= [INFO ] Cleaning-up the toolchain's directory [INFO ] Stripping all toolchain executables [EXTRA] Installing the populate helper [EXTRA] Installing a cross-ldd helper [EXTRA] Creating toolchain aliases [EXTRA] Removing access to the build system tools [EXTRA] Removing installed documentation [INFO ] Cleaning-up the toolchain's directory: done in 2.03s (at 72:35) [INFO ] Build completed at 20130808.011013 [INFO ] (elapsed: 72:34.05) [INFO ] Finishing installation (may take a few seconds)... [72:35] / crifan@ubuntu:~/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build$
想要在编译的时候输出所有的信息 | |
---|---|
根据之前第 3.1.1 节 “用ct-ng help查看所拥有的功能”中的介绍,通过加上V=2参数,可以实现,即输入,默认就输出的,人类可读的信息,也输出内部执行的那些命令。 如果有需求的话,为了编译出错时,可以直接方便的看到所正在执行的命令,是哪个出错了。 (就不用去看对应的,当前文件夹下面的build.log了) 那么可以自己去试试,加上V=2的效果,即: ct-ng build V=2 的效果。 |
目录
相关旧帖:【总结】crosstool-ng使用心得和注意事项
安装crosstool-ng工具本身,也常会遇到一些小问题。
比如,在configure和make等时候,提示你缺少一些工具,版本等不满足要求之类的错误。
这时候,基本的逻辑都是:
搞清楚当前缺少的是哪个(版本的)工具,然后去安装上去,即可。
当cygwin下缺失某软件包时请重新安装Cygwin且全选整个Develop那组的所有软件包 | |
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注意,如果这些问题,是发生在Cygwin下,那么,则需要你去安装对应的软件包。 其中,比较好的做法是: 在安装Cygwin的时候,对于Developmen那个分类,全部都安装。 详见: |
在Ubuntu下,解决办法是:
sudo apt-get install bison
在Ubuntu下,解决办法是:
sudo apt-get install flex
在Ubuntu下,解决办法是:
sudo apt-get install gperf
在Ubuntu下,解决办法是:
sudo apt-get install texinfo
详见:【已解决】Ubuntu中用sudo apt-get install安装某软件,结果出错:E: Unable to locate package makeinfo
在Ubuntu下,解决办法是:
sudo apt-get install gawk
在Ubuntu下,解决办法是:
sudo apt-get install libtool
详见:【已解决】Ubuntu下去配置crosstool-ng时出现:configure: error: could not find GNU libtool >= 1.5.26
在Ubuntu下,解决办法是:
sudo apt-get install automake
在Ubuntu下,解决办法是:
sudo apt-get install libncurses5-dev
除了上述所说的,在Linux以及Cygwin下都可能会出现的一些问题之外,
在Cygwin环境下,还会出现一些,和Cygwin特定相关的一些问题:
错误现象:
cygwin下make编译crosstool-ng出错:
CLi@PC-CLI-1 ~/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0 $ make SED 'ct-ng' SED 'scripts/crosstool-NG.sh' SED 'scripts/saveSample.sh' SED 'scripts/showTuple.sh' GEN 'config/configure.in' GEN 'paths.mk' GEN 'paths.sh' DEP 'nconf.gui.dep' DEP 'nconf.dep' DEP 'lxdialog/checklist.dep' DEP 'lxdialog/inputbox.dep' DEP 'lxdialog/util.dep' DEP 'lxdialog/textbox.dep' DEP 'lxdialog/yesno.dep' DEP 'lxdialog/menubox.dep' DEP 'mconf.dep' DEP 'conf.dep' BISON 'zconf.tab.c' GPERF 'zconf.hash.c' LEX 'lex.zconf.c' DEP 'zconf.tab.dep' CC 'zconf.tab.o' CC 'conf.o' LD 'conf' zconf.tab.o:zconf.tab.c:(.text+0x162a): undefined reference to `_libintl_gettext' zconf.tab.o:zconf.tab.c:(.text+0x47fe): undefined reference to `_libintl_gettext' zconf.tab.o:zconf.tab.c:(.text+0x56ec): undefined reference to `_libintl_gettext' zconf.tab.o:zconf.tab.c:(.text+0x58be): undefined reference to `_libintl_gettext' zconf.tab.o:zconf.tab.c:(.text+0xc70b): undefined reference to `_libintl_gettext' zconf.tab.o:zconf.tab.c:(.text+0xc719): more undefined references to `_libintl_gettext' follow /usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-cygwin/4.5.3/../../../../i686-pc-cygwin/bin/ld: zconf.tab.o: bad reloc address 0x110 in section `.data' /usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-cygwin/4.5.3/../../../../i686-pc-cygwin/bin/ld: final link failed: Invalid operation collect2: ld returned 1 exit status Makefile:108: recipe for target `conf' failed make[2]: *** [conf] Error 1 Makefile:160: recipe for target `build-lib-kconfig' failed make[1]: *** [build-lib-kconfig] Error 2 Makefile:120: recipe for target `build' failed make: *** [build] Error 2
原因:
Cygwin下虽然已经安装了intl库,但是此处make编译的时候,没有链接进去,所以报错。
解决办法:
修改对应的Makefile文件:
crosstool-ng-1.18.0\kconfig\Makefile
去添加对应的intl库,即改为:
# What’s needed to build ‘conf’ conf_SRC = conf.c conf_OBJ = $(patsubst %.c,%.o,$(conf_SRC)) conf_DEP = $(patsubst %.o,%.dep,$(conf_OBJ)) $(conf_OBJ) $(conf_DEP): CFLAGS += $(INTL_CFLAGS) conf: LDFLAGS += -lintl # What’s needed to build ‘mconf’ mconf_SRC = mconf.c mconf_OBJ = $(patsubst %.c,%.o,$(mconf_SRC)) mconf_DEP = $(patsubst %.c,%.dep,$(mconf_SRC)) $(mconf_OBJ) $(mconf_DEP): CFLAGS += $(NCURSES_CFLAGS) $(INTL_CFLAGS) #mconf: LDFLAGS += $(NCURSES_LDFLAGS) mconf: LDFLAGS += -lintl $(NCURSES_LDFLAGS) # What’s needed to build ‘nconf’ nconf_SRC = nconf.c nconf.gui.c nconf_OBJ = $(patsubst %.c,%.o,$(nconf_SRC)) nconf_DEP = $(patsubst %.c,%.dep,$(nconf_SRC)) #$(nconf_OBJ) $(nconf_DEP): CFLAGS += $(INTL_CFLAGS) -I/usr/include/ncurses #nconf: LDFLAGS += -lmenu -lpanel -lncurses $(nconf_OBJ) $(nconf_DEP): CFLAGS += -I/usr/include/ncurses/ $(INTL_CFLAGS) nconf: LDFLAGS += -lintl -lmenu -lpanel -lncurses
此处也同时添加了ncurses库,解决了undefined reference to `_wattrset'的问题 | |
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此问题的解决,是在折腾: 时,去参考: Re: crosstool-NG Cygwin Build Fails 而找到的解决办法。 可以看出,其中,在添加intl的同时,也同时去添加了对应的ncurses那个库。 那是因为,后期,同样会出现类似的错误第 5.1.2.2 节 “lxdialog/menubox.o:menubox.c:(.text+0x7d): undefined reference to `_wattrset'”的 所以,此处,也加上对应的ncurses库,一并解决了类似的问题。 |
此处不要通过make时加LDFLAGS参数去添加-lintl和-lcurses | |
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其实,上面贴出来的,修改makefile的办法,的确已经解决了此处的,缺少intl和缺少ncurses的库的两个问题了。 只是,后来,在另外一个Cygwin环境下去折腾同样的make编译crosstool-ng的时候: 【记录】Cygwin下配置编译和安装crosstool-ng 由于之前解决上面这个问题的时候: 用的解决办法是: 不去修改makefile,而直接给make加上LDFLAGS参数加上-lintl: make LDFLAGS="-lintl" 当时也是可以解决此问题的。 并且,接着去解决了:第 5.1.2.2 节 “lxdialog/menubox.o:menubox.c:(.text+0x7d): undefined reference to `_wattrset'” 用的方法也是,继续给make的LDFLAGS添加对应的-lcurses的参数: make LDFLAGS="-lintl -lcurses" 然后,后来就出现,相对来说,至少到目前为止,没有完全搞懂的问题: 【已解决】Cygwin下make编译crosstool-ng出错:nconf.o:nconf.c:(.text+0×373): undefined reference to `_free_item’ 觉得是属于比较诡异的问题。 而最终的解决办法是: 不要用make时给定LDFLAGS参数的方式去添加intl和curses的库 还是用上述的办法,修改对应的makefile,添加对应的intl的库,调整对应的 $(INTL_CFLAGS) -I/usr/include/ncurses 变成: -I/usr/include/ncurses/ $(INTL_CFLAGS) 即可彻底解决此诡异的问题。 在该诡异问题的根本原因没有搞清楚之前,别人如果遇到类似的错误,还是参照此处,修改makefile去解决类似的问题。 |
错误现象:
cygwin下make编译crosstool-ng出错:
Administrator@PC-20130611GART /home/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0 $ make LDFLAGS="-lintl" GEN 'config/configure.in' GEN 'paths.mk' GEN 'paths.sh' LD 'conf' CC 'lxdialog/menubox.o' CC 'lxdialog/yesno.o' CC 'lxdialog/textbox.o' CC 'lxdialog/util.o' CC 'lxdialog/inputbox.o' CC 'lxdialog/checklist.o' CC 'mconf.o' LD 'mconf' lxdialog/menubox.o:menubox.c:(.text+0x7d): undefined reference to `_wattrset' lxdialog/menubox.o:menubox.c:(.text+0x97): undefined reference to `_wmove' ...... mconf.o:mconf.c:(.text+0x13de): undefined reference to `_ncwrap_stdscr' mconf.o:mconf.c:(.text+0x13e6): undefined reference to `_getcurx' collect2: ld returned 1 exit status Makefile:100: recipe for target `mconf' failed make[2]: *** [mconf] Error 1 Makefile:160: recipe for target `build-lib-kconfig' failed make[1]: *** [build-lib-kconfig] Error 2 Makefile:120: recipe for target `build' failed make: *** [build] Error 2 Administrator@PC-20130611GART /home/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0$
原因:
Cygwin下虽然已经安装了ncurses库,但是此处make编译的时候,没有链接进去,所以报错。
解决办法:
参见:第 5.1.2.1 节 “zconf.tab.o:zconf.tab.c:(.text+0x162a): undefined reference to ‘_libintl_gettext'”中的此处也同时添加了ncurses库,解决了undefined reference to `_wattrset'的问题,去修改makefile而解决。
注意:参见之前此处不要通过make时加LDFLAGS参数去添加-lintl和-lcurses的解释,不要通过给make加LDFLAGS的方式去解决此问题,而是如上,使用修改makefile去解决此问题。
错误现象:
cygwin下make编译crosstool-ng出错:
Administrator@PC-20130611GART /home/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0 $ make LDFLAGS="-lintl -lcurses" GEN 'config/configure.in' GEN 'paths.mk' GEN 'paths.sh' LD 'mconf' CC 'nconf.o' nconf.c: In function 'main': nconf.c:1521:2: error: lvalue required as left operand of assignment Makefile:95: recipe for target `nconf.o' failed make[2]: *** [nconf.o] Error 1 Makefile:160: recipe for target `build-lib-kconfig' failed make[1]: *** [build-lib-kconfig] Error 2 Makefile:120: recipe for target `build' failed make: *** [build] Error 2
原因:
nconf.c中(不知何故)无法找到对应的宏ESCDELAY,导致此处的代码:
ESCDELAY = 1;
变成一个未知的变量的左赋值,所以报此错误。
解决办法:
把对应的出错的文件:
crosstool-ng-1.18.0\kconfig\nconf.c
修改为:
//ESCDELAY = 1; set_escdelay(1);
详见:
之前参考别人的教程:
去折腾crosstool-ng的时候,在Cygwin下面,遇到一个问题:
同样的去执行对应的命令:
echo "PATH=$PATH:/new/added/some/path" >> ~/.bashrc
但是echo到.bashrc
中的PATH的值,却是展开的。
从而,导致.bashrc
中的内容,太乱,以至于无法正常执行。
所以,经过一番折腾,才发现,原来是,在Cygwin中,echo的值,包含环境变量的话,是需要转义的,即写为:
echo "PATH=\$PATH:/new/added/some/path" >> ~/.bashrc
才可以的。
【已解决】Cygwin中安装完crosstool-ng后,运行ct-ng help出错:bash: ct-ng: command not found
实际上,此问题,不属于此处crosstool-ng方面的问题,只是和cygwin有关。
如果有人遇到类似的问题:
cygwin的文件,在Win7中(通过资源管理器)打开后,用编辑器打开,可以编辑,但是去保存时,无法保存。
则可以去参考Cygwin中的专门的解释:
不论是在Cygwin还是在Linux类系统中,都常见的错误:
错误现象:
cygwin下ct-ng build去编译crosstool-ng出现:
CLi@PC-CLI-1 ~/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build $ ct-ng build ...... [INFO ] ================================================================= [INFO ] Installing kernel headers [EXTRA] Installing kernel headers [ERROR] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/linux-custom/scripts/unifdef.c:209:25: error: conflicting types for 'getline' [ERROR] make[3]: *** [scripts/unifdef] Error 1 [ERROR] make[2]: *** [headers_install] Error 2 [ERROR] make[1]: *** [headers_install] Error 2 [ERROR] [ERROR] >> [ERROR] >> Build failed in step 'Installing kernel headers' [ERROR] >> called in step '(top-level)' [ERROR] >> [ERROR] >> Error happened in: CT_DoExecLog[scripts/functions@257] [ERROR] >> called from: do_kernel_install[scripts/build/kernel/linux.sh@112] [ERROR] >> called from: do_kernel_headers[scripts/build/kernel/linux.sh@91] [ERROR] >> called from: main[scripts/crosstool-NG.sh@632] ......
原因:
Linux源码中的scripts/unifdef.c
中的函数:getline,和别处重复定义了。
此问题,算是一个,很普遍遇到的,很早之前就出现的问题了。
解决办法:
把getline随便改个别的名字,即可。比如改为get_line
具体做法:
去修改对应的文件;
crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build\.build\src\linux-custom\scripts\unifdef.c
改为:
static void flushline(bool); //static Linetype getline(void); static Linetype get_line(void); static Linetype ifeval(const char **); ...... /* * The driver for the state machine. */ static void process(void) { Linetype lineval; for (;;) { linenum++; //lineval = getline(); lineval = get_line(); trans_table[ifstate[depth]][lineval](); debug("process %s -> %s depth %d", linetype_name[lineval], ifstate_name[ifstate[depth]], depth); } } /* * Parse a line and determine its type. We keep the preprocessor line * parser state between calls in the global variable linestate, with * help from skipcomment(). */ static Linetype //getline(void) get_line(void) {
即可。
错误现象:
cygwin下ct-ng build去编译crosstool-ng出现:
[ERROR] Build failed in step 'Extracting and patching toolchain components' [ERROR] Error happened in '/opt/crosstool-ng/lib/ct-ng-1.9.3/scripts/functions' in function 'CT_DoExecLog' (line unknown, sorry) [ERROR] called from '/opt/crosstool-ng/lib/ct-ng-1.9.3/scripts/functions' at line # 681 in function 'CT_Extract' [ERROR] called from '/opt/crosstool-ng/lib/ct-ng-1.9.3/scripts/build/debug/300-gdb.sh' at line # 65 in function 'do_debug_gdb_extract' [ERROR] called from '/opt/crosstool-ng/lib/ct-ng-1.9.3/scripts/build/debug.sh' at line # 28 in function 'do_debug_extract' [ERROR] called from '/opt/crosstool-ng/lib/ct-ng-1.9.3/scripts/crosstool-NG.sh' at line # 569 in function 'main' [ERROR] Look at '/home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/x-tools/arm-xscale-linux-gnueabi/build.log' for more info on this error. [ERROR] (elapsed: 10:01.80) [10:06] / /opt/crosstool-ng/bin/ct-ng:143: recipe for target `build' failed make: *** [build] Error 2
原因:
此处遇到此问题的原因,好像是:
由于之前下载过程中,由于某种原因,比如网络不稳定等,而导致下载下来的源码包不是完整的
从而导致后续的解压和打补丁出错。
解决办法:
去确定,你当前正在处理,即正在解压和打包的是哪个软件包
然后去重新下载一个对应的,完整的无误的,该版本的软件包
放到对应的目录下即可。
比如:此处正在处理的是ncurses的5.7版本的源码包
对应的文件是:ncurses-5.7.tar.gz
所以去:
删除
crosstool-ng\crosstool-ng-1.9.3_build\targets\src
中的.ncurses-5.7.extracting
和ncurses-5.7.tar.gz
删除
crosstool-ng\crosstool-ng-1.9.3_build\targets\tarballs
中的ncurses-5.7.tar.gz
拷贝最新的,你刚下载好的,确保是完整的ncurses-5.7.tar.bz2
到:
crosstool-ng\crosstool-ng-1.9.3_build\targets\src
如果你遇到类似问题,参考上面的步骤,去试试,应该就可以解决此类问题了。
错误现象:
cygwin下ct-ng build去编译crosstool-ng出现:
CLi@PC-CLI-1 ~/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build $ ct-ng build ...... [INFO ] ================================================================= [INFO ] Installing pass-1 core C compiler [EXTRA] Configuring gcc [EXTRA] Building gcc [ERROR] make[3]: *** [libgcc/./_powisf2.o] Error 1 [ERROR] make[3]: *** [libgcc/./_powidf2.o] Error 1 [ERROR] make[2]: *** [stmp-multilib] Error 2 [ERROR] make[1]: *** [all-gcc] Error 2 ......
对应build.log中的详细内容为:
[ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/arm-xscale-linux-gnueabi/build/build-cc-core-pass-1/./gcc/xgcc -B/home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/arm-xscale-linux-gnueabi/build/build-cc-core-pass-1/./gcc/ -B/home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/arm-xscale-linux-gnueabi/buildtools/arm-xscale-linux-gnueabi/bin/ -B/home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/arm-xscale-linux-gnueabi/buildtools/arm-xscale-linux-gnueabi/lib/ -isystem /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/arm-xscale-linux-gnueabi/buildtools/arm-xscale-linux-gnueabi/include -isystem /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/arm-xscale-linux-gnueabi/buildtools/arm-xscale-linux-gnueabi/sys-include -O2 -g -Os -DIN_GCC -DCROSS_COMPILE -W -Wall -Wwrite-strings -Wstrict-prototypes -Wmissing-prototypes -Wold-style-definition -isystem ./include -fPIC -g -DIN_LIBGCC2 -D__GCC_FLOAT_NOT_NEEDED -Dinhibit_libc -I. -I. -I/home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/gcc-4.2.2/gcc -I/home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/gcc-4.2.2/gcc/. -I/home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/gcc-4.2.2/gcc/../include -I/home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/gcc-4.2.2/gcc/../libcpp/include -I/home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/gcc-4.2.2/gcc/../libdecnumber -I../libdecnumber -DL_powixf2 -c /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/gcc-4.2.2/gcc/libgcc2.c -o libgcc/./_powixf2.o [ALL ] /tmp/cc7Xh6xp.s: Assembler messages: [ALL ] /tmp/cc7Xh6xp.s:21: Error: selected processor does not support ARM mode `fmsr s14,r0' [ALL ] /tmp/cc7Xh6xp.s:27: Error: selected processor does not support ARM mode `flds s15,.L16' [ALL ] /tmp/cc7Xh6xp.s:28: Error: selected processor does not support ARM mode `fcpyseq s13,s15' [ALL ] /tmp/cc7Xh6xp.s:29: Error: selected processor does not support ARM mode `fcpysne s13,s14' [ALL ] /tmp/cc7Xh6xp.s:39: Error: selected processor does not support ARM mode `fmuls s14,s14,s14' [ALL ] /tmp/cc7Xh6xp.s:41: Error: selected processor does not support ARM mode `fmulsne s13,s13,s14' [ALL ] /tmp/cc7Xh6xp.s:49: Error: selected processor does not support ARM mode `fldslt s15,.L16' [ALL ] /tmp/cc7Xh6xp.s:50: Error: selected processor does not support ARM mode `fdivslt s13,s15,s13' [ALL ] /tmp/cc7Xh6xp.s:52: Error: selected processor does not support ARM mode `fmrs r0,s13' [ALL ] libgcc.mk:223: recipe for target `libgcc/./_powisf2.o' failed [ERROR] make[3]: *** [libgcc/./_powisf2.o] Error 1 [ALL ] make[3]: *** Waiting for unfinished jobs.... [ALL ] /tmp/ccSq3fkb.s: Assembler messages: [ALL ] /tmp/ccSq3fkb.s:21: Error: selected processor does not support ARM mode `fmdrr d6,r0,r1' [ALL ] /tmp/ccSq3fkb.s:23: Error: selected processor does not support ARM mode `fldd d7,.L16' [ALL ] /tmp/ccSq3fkb.s:29: Error: selected processor does not support ARM mode `fcpydeq d5,d7' [ALL ] /tmp/ccSq3fkb.s:30: Error: selected processor does not support ARM mode `fcpydne d5,d6' [ALL ] /tmp/ccSq3fkb.s:40: Error: selected processor does not support ARM mode `fmuld d6,d6,d6' [ALL ] /tmp/ccSq3fkb.s:42: Error: selected processor does not support ARM mode `fmuldne d5,d5,d6' [ALL ] /tmp/ccSq3fkb.s:50: Error: selected processor does not support ARM mode `flddlt d7,.L16' [ALL ] /tmp/ccSq3fkb.s:51: Error: selected processor does not support ARM mode `fdivdlt d5,d7,d5' [ALL ] /tmp/ccSq3fkb.s:54: Error: selected processor does not support ARM mode `fmrrd r0,r1,d5' [ALL ] libgcc.mk:226: recipe for target `libgcc/./_powidf2.o' failed [ERROR] make[3]: *** [libgcc/./_powidf2.o] Error 1 [ALL ] make[4]: `crtend.o' is up to date. [ALL ] make[4]: `crtbeginS.o' is up to date. [ALL ] make[4]: `crtendS.o' is up to date. [ALL ] make[4]: `crtbeginT.o' is up to date. [ALL ] make[4]: Leaving directory `/home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/arm-xscale-linux-gnueabi/build/build-cc-core-pass-1/gcc' [ALL ] make[3]: Leaving directory `/home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/arm-xscale-linux-gnueabi/build/build-cc-core-pass-1/gcc' [ALL ] Makefile:1540: recipe for target `stmp-multilib' failed [ERROR] make[2]: *** [stmp-multilib] Error 2 [ALL ] rm gcc.pod [ALL ] make[2]: Leaving directory `/home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/arm-xscale-linux-gnueabi/build/build-cc-core-pass-1/gcc' [ALL ] Makefile:4314: recipe for target `all-gcc' failed [ERROR] make[1]: *** [all-gcc] Error 2 [ALL ] make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/arm-xscale-linux-gnueabi/build/build-cc-core-pass-1' [ERROR] [ERROR] >> [ERROR] >> Build failed in step 'Installing pass-1 core C compiler' [ERROR] >> called in step '(top-level)'
原因:
至今未知
感觉好像是版本不兼容之类的问题。
解决办法:
后来是把gcc从当前的4.2.2,换成了4.6.0,就可以避免此问题了。
详见:
错误现象:
cygwin下ct-ng build去编译crosstool-ng出现:
CLi@PC-CLI-1 ~/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build $ ct-ng build ...... [INFO ] ================================================================= [INFO ] Installing pass-1 core C compiler [EXTRA] Configuring gcc [EXTRA] Building gcc [ERROR] make[2]: *** [cc1-dummy.exe] Error 1 [ERROR] make[1]: *** [all-gcc] Error 2 [ERROR] [ERROR] >> [ERROR] >> Build failed in step 'Installing pass-1 core C compiler' [ERROR] >> called in step '(top-level)' ......
对应build.log中的详细内容为:
[ALL ] mv tmp-specs specs [ALL ] : > tmp-libgcc.mvars [ALL ] echo LIB1ASMFUNCS = '_udivsi3 _divsi3 _umodsi3 _modsi3 _bb_init_func _call_via_rX _interwork_call_via_rX _lshrdi3 _ashrdi3 _ashldi3 _arm_negdf2 _arm_addsubdf3 _arm_muldivdf3 _arm_cmpdf2 _arm_unorddf2 _arm_fixdfsi _arm_fixunsdfsi _arm_truncdfsf2 _arm_negsf2 _arm_addsubsf3 _arm_muldivsf3 _arm_cmpsf2 _arm_unordsf2 _arm_fixsfsi _arm_fixunssfsi _arm_floatdidf _arm_floatdisf _arm_floatundidf _arm_floatundisf _clzsi2 _clzdi2 _aeabi_lcmp _aeabi_ulcmp _aeabi_ldivmod _aeabi_uldivmod _dvmd_lnx' >> tmp-libgcc.mvars [ALL ] echo LIB1ASMSRC = 'arm/lib1funcs.asm' >> tmp-libgcc.mvars [ALL ] echo LIB2FUNCS_ST = '_eprintf __gcc_bcmp' >> tmp-libgcc.mvars [ALL ] libbackend.a(graphite.o): In function `cloog_finalize': [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/arm-xscale-linux-gnueabi/buildtools/include/cloog/ppl_backend.h:54: undefined reference to `_ppl_finalize' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/arm-xscale-linux-gnueabi/buildtools/lib/libcloog.a(domain.o): In function `cloog_build_ppl_cstr': [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:333: undefined reference to `_ppl_new_Constraint' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:337: undefined reference to `_ppl_new_Constraint' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/arm-xscale-linux-gnueabi/buildtools/lib/libcloog.a(domain.o): In function `cloog_translate_constraint': [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:365: undefined reference to `_ppl_new_Coefficient' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:366: undefined reference to `_ppl_new_Linear_Expression_with_dimension' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:370: undefined reference to `_ppl_assign_Coefficient_from_mpz_t' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:371: undefined reference to `_ppl_Linear_Expression_add_to_coefficient' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:376: undefined reference to `_ppl_assign_Coefficient_from_mpz_t' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:378: undefined reference to `_ppl_Linear_Expression_add_to_inhomogeneous' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:379: undefined reference to `_ppl_delete_Coefficient' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:385: undefined reference to `_ppl_delete_Linear_Expression' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/arm-xscale-linux-gnueabi/buildtools/lib/libcloog.a(domain.o): In function `cloog_translate_constraint_matrix': [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:455: undefined reference to `_ppl_new_C_Polyhedron_from_space_dimension' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/arm-xscale-linux-gnueabi/buildtools/lib/libcloog.a(domain.o): In function `cloog_translate_constraint_matrix_1': [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:444: undefined reference to `_ppl_Polyhedron_add_constraint' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:445: undefined reference to `_ppl_delete_Constraint' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/arm-xscale-linux-gnueabi/buildtools/lib/libcloog.a(domain.o): In function `cloog_translate_oppose_constraint': [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:407: undefined reference to `_ppl_new_Coefficient' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:408: undefined reference to `_ppl_new_Linear_Expression_with_dimension' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:413: undefined reference to `_ppl_assign_Coefficient_from_mpz_t' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:414: undefined reference to `_ppl_Linear_Expression_add_to_coefficient' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:420: undefined reference to `_ppl_assign_Coefficient_from_mpz_t' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:421: undefined reference to `_ppl_Linear_Expression_add_to_inhomogeneous' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:422: undefined reference to `_ppl_delete_Coefficient' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:430: undefined reference to `_ppl_delete_Linear_Expression' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/arm-xscale-linux-gnueabi/buildtools/lib/libcloog.a(domain.o): In function `cloog_initialize': [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:112: undefined reference to `_ppl_initialize' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.echo LIB2FUNCS_EXCLUDE = '' >> tmp-libgcc.mvars [ALL ] build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:118: undefined reference to `_ppl_restore_pre_PPL_rounding' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:124: undefined reference to `_ppl_set_error_handler' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:130: undefined reference to `_ppl_io_set_variable_output_function' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/arm-xscale-linux-gnueabi/buildtools/lib/libcloog.a(domain.o): In function `cloog_translate_ppl_polyhedron_1': [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:511: undefined reference to `_ppl_Polyhedron_get_minimized_constraints' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:512: undefined reference to `_ppl_new_Constraint_System_const_iterator' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:513: undefined reference to `_ppl_new_Constraint_System_const_iterator' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:516: undefined reference to `_ppl_Constraint_System_begin' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:517: undefined reference to `_ppl_Constraint_System_end' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:519: undefined reference to `_ppl_Constraint_System_const_iterator_increment' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:518: undefined reference to `_ppl_Constraint_System_const_iterator_equal_test' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:521: undefined reference to `_ppl_Constraint_System_const_iterator_dereference' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:522: undefined reference to `_ppl_Constraint_type' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:525: undefined reference to `_ppl_Polyhedron_space_dimension' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:540: undefined reference to `_ppl_Constraint_System_begin' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:540: undefined reference to `_ppl_Constraint_System_end' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:541: undefined reference to `_ppl_Constraint_System_const_iterator_equal_test' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:548: undefined reference to `_ppl_new_Coefficient' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:549: undefined reference to `_ppl_Constraint_System_const_iterator_dereference' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:551: undefined reference to `_ppl_Constraint_type' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:553: undefined reference to `_ppl_Constraint_type' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:557: undefined reference to `_ppl_Constraint_coefficient' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:558: undefined reference to `_ppl_Coefficient_to_mpz_t' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:566: undefined reference to `_ppl_Constraint_inhomogeneous_term' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:567: undefined reference to `_ppl_Coefficient_to_mpz_t' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:569: undefined reference to `_ppl_delete_Coefficient' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:571: undefined reference to `_ppl_Constraint_type' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:590: undefined reference to `_ppl_Constraint_type' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:542: undefined reference to `_ppl_Constraint_System_const_iterator_increment' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:552: undefined reference to `_ppl_Constraint_type' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:597: undefined reference to `_ppl_delete_Constraint_System_const_iterator' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:598: undefined reference to `_ppl_delete_Constraint_System_const_iterator' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/arm-xscale-linux-gnueabi/buildtools/lib/libcloog.a(domain.o): In function `cloog_domain_extend': [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:1842: undefined reference to `_ppl_Polyhedron_add_space_dimensions_and_embed' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:1843: undefined reference to `_ppl_Polyhedron_map_space_dimensions' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:1845: undefined reference to `_ppl_delete_Polyhedron' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/arm-xscale-linux-gnueabi/buildtools/lib/libcloog.a(domain.o): In function `cloog_domain_project': [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:1787: undefined reference to `_ppl_Polyhedron_remove_space_dimensions' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:1789: undefined reference to `_ppl_delete_Polyhedron' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/arm-xscale-linux-gnueabi/buildtools/lib/libcloog.a(domain.o): In function `cloog_domain_polyhedron_compare': [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:1250: undefined reference to `_ppl_Polyhedron_is_empty' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:1257: undefined reference to `_ppl_Polyhedron_is_empty' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:1264: undefined reference to `_ppl_new_C_Polyhedron_from_C_Polyhedron' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:1265: undefined reference to `_ppl_new_C_Polyhedron_from_C_Polyhedron' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:1276: undefined reference to `_ppl_new_Coefficient_from_mpz_t' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:1277: undefined reference to `_ppl_new_Linear_Expression_with_dimension' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:1278: undefined reference to `_ppl_Linear_Expression_add_to_coefficient' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:1279: undefined reference to `_ppl_new_Generator' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:1280: undefined reference to `_ppl_Polyhedron_add_generator' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:1281: undefined reference to `_ppl_Polyhedron_add_generator' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:1282: undefined reference to `_ppl_delete_Generator' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:1283: undefined reference to `_ppl_delete_Linear_Expression' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:1284: undefined reference to `_ppl_delete_Coefficient' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:1287: undefined reference to `_ppl_new_C_Polyhedron_from_C_Polyhedron' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:1288: undefined reference to `_ppl_Polyhedron_intersection_assign' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:1289: undefined reference to `_ppl_delete_Polyhedron' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:1290: undefined reference to `_ppl_delete_Polyhedron' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:1292: undefined reference to `_ppl_Polyhedron_is_empty' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:1300: undefined reference to `_ppl_new_C_Polyhedron_from_C_Polyhedron' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:1301: undefined reference to `_ppl_new_C_Polyhedron_from_C_Polyhedron' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:1302: undefined reference to `_ppl_delete_Polyhedron' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:1303: undefined reference to `_ppl_delete_Polyhedron' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:1305: undefined reference to `_ppl_Polyhedron_intersection_assign' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:1306: undefined reference to `_ppl_Polyhedron_intersection_assign' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:1311: undefined reference to `_ppl_new_C_Polyhedron_from_C_Polyhedron' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:1317: undefined reference to `_ppl_Polyhedron_add_constraint' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:1318: undefined reference to `_ppl_delete_Constraint' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:1330: undefined reference to `_ppl_Polyhedron_is_empty' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:1339: undefined reference to `_ppl_delete_Polyhedron' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:1340: undefined reference to `_ppl_new_C_Polyhedron_from_C_Polyhedron' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:1341: undefined reference to `_ppl_new_C_Polyhedron_from_C_Polyhedron' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:1367: undefined reference to `_ppl_Polyhedron_add_constraint' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:1368: undefined reference to `_ppl_delete_Constraint' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:1374: undefined reference to `_ppl_delete_Polyhedron' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:1375: undefined reference to `_ppl_new_C_Polyhedron_from_C_Polyhedron' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:1401: undefined reference to `_ppl_Polyhedron_add_constraint' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:1402: undefined reference to `_ppl_delete_Constraint' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:1408: undefined reference to `_ppl_Polyhedron_is_empty' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:1419: undefined reference to `_ppl_delete_Polyhedron' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:1420: undefined reference to `_ppl_new_C_Polyhedron_from_C_Polyhedron' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:1424: undefined reference to `_ppl_delete_Polyhedron' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:1425: undefined reference to `_ppl_new_C_Polyhedron_from_C_Polyhedron' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:1430: undefined reference to `_ppl_delete_Polyhedron' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:1431: undefined reference to `_ppl_delete_Polyhedron' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:1432: undefined reference to `_ppl_delete_Polyhedron' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:1433: undefined reference to `_ppl_delete_Polyhedron' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:1434: undefined reference to `_ppl_delete_Polyhedron' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/arm-xscale-linux-gnueabi/buildtools/lib/libcloog.a(domain.o):/home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:1252: more undefined references to `_ppl_delete_Polyhedron' follow [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/arm-xscale-linux-gnueabi/buildtools/lib/libcloog.a(domain.o): In function `cloog_domain_polyhedron_compare': [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:1326: undefined reference to `_ppl_Polyhedron_add_constraint' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:1327: undefined reference to `_ppl_delete_Constraint' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:1410: undefined reference to `_ppl_delete_Polyhedron' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:1411: undefined reference to `_ppl_delete_Polyhedron' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:1412: undefined reference to `_ppl_delete_Polyhedron' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:1413: undefined reference to `_ppl_delete_Polyhedron' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:1414: undefined reference to `_ppl_delete_Polyhedron' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/arm-xscale-linux-gnueabi/buildtools/lib/libcloog.a(domain.o):/home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:1332: more undefined references to `_ppl_delete_Polyhedron' follow [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/arm-xscale-linux-gnueabi/buildtools/lib/libcloog.a(domain.o): In function `cloog_domain_convex': [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:813: undefined reference to `_ppl_Polyhedron_upper_bound_assign' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:814: undefined reference to `_ppl_delete_Polyhedron' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:820: undefined reference to `_ppl_delete_Polyhedron' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/arm-xscale-linux-gnueabi/buildtools/lib/libcloog.a(domain.o): In function `cloog_pol_from_matrix': [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:641: undefined reference to `_ppl_delete_Polyhedron' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/arm-xscale-linux-gnueabi/buildtools/lib/libcloog.a(domain.o): In function `cloog_domain_union': [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:1064: undefined reference to `_ppl_Polyhedron_contains_Polyhedron' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:1070: undefined reference to `_ppl_delete_Polyhedron' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:1072: undefined reference to `_ppl_delete_Polyhedron' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:1066: undefined reference to `_ppl_delete_Polyhedron' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:1072: undefined reference to `_ppl_delete_Polyhedron' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:1104: undefined reference to `_ppl_Polyhedron_contains_Polyhedron' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:1110: undefined reference to `_ppl_delete_Polyhedron' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:1112: undefined reference to `_ppl_delete_Polyhedron' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:1106: undefined reference to `_ppl_delete_Polyhedron' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:1112: undefined reference to `_ppl_delete_Polyhedron' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/arm-xscale-linux-gnueabi/buildtools/lib/libcloog.a(domain.o): In function `cloog_domain_intersection': [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:1164: undefined reference to `_ppl_Polyhedron_intersection_assign' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:1166: undefined reference to `_ppl_delete_Polyhedron' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:1168: undefined reference to `_ppl_delete_Polyhedron' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/arm-xscale-linux-gnueabi/buildtools/lib/libcloog.a(domain.o): In function `cloog_domain_simplify': [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:903: undefined reference to `_ppl_new_Pointset_Powerset_C_Polyhedron_from_space_dimension' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:909: undefined reference to `_ppl_Pointset_Powerset_C_Polyhedron_add_disjunct' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:910: undefined reference to `_ppl_delete_Polyhedron' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:917: undefined reference to `_ppl_new_Pointset_Powerset_C_Polyhedron_from_space_dimension' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:923: undefined reference to `_ppl_Pointset_Powerset_C_Polyhedron_add_disjunct' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:924: undefined reference to `_ppl_delete_Polyhedron' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:929: undefined reference to `_ppl_Pointset_Powerset_C_Polyhedron_simplify_using_context_assign' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:933: undefined reference to `_ppl_new_Pointset_Powerset_C_Polyhedron_const_iterator' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:935: undefined reference to `_ppl_new_Pointset_Powerset_C_Polyhedron_const_iterator' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:936: undefined reference to `_ppl_Pointset_Powerset_C_Polyhedron_const_iterator_begin' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:937: undefined reference to `_ppl_Pointset_Powerset_C_Polyhedron_const_iterator_end' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:942: undefined reference to `_ppl_Pointset_Powerset_C_Polyhedron_const_iterator_dereference' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:939: undefined reference to `_ppl_Pointset_Powerset_C_Polyhedron_const_iterator_increment' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:938: undefined reference to `_ppl_Pointset_Powerset_C_Polyhedron_const_iterator_equal_test' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:947: undefined reference to `_ppl_delete_Pointset_Powerset_C_Polyhedron_const_iterator' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:948: undefined reference to `_ppl_delete_Pointset_Powerset_C_Polyhedron_const_iterator' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:949: undefined reference to `_ppl_delete_Pointset_Powerset_C_Polyhedron' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:950: undefined reference to `_ppl_delete_Pointset_Powerset_C_Polyhedron' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/arm-xscale-linux-gnueabi/buildtools/lib/libcloog.a(domain.o): In function `cloog_domain_difference': [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:1207: undefined reference to `_ppl_Polyhedron_add_constraint' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:1208: undefined reference to `_ppl_delete_Constraint' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:1210: undefined reference to `_ppl_delete_Polyhedron' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:1217: undefined reference to `_ppl_Polyhedron_add_constraint' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:1218: undefined reference to `_ppl_delete_Constraint' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/cloog-ppl-0.15.11/source/ppl/domain.c:1220: undefined reference to `_ppl_delete_Polyhedron' [ALL ] collect2: ld returned 1 exit status [ALL ] Makefile:1666: recipe for target `cc1-dummy.exe' failed [ERROR] make[2]: *** [cc1-dummy.exe] Error 1 [ALL ] make[2]: *** Waiting for unfinished jobs.... [ALL ] echo LIBGCOV = '_gcov _gcov_merge_add _gcov_merge_single _gcov_merge_delta _gcov_fork _gcov_execl _gcov_execlp _gcov_execle _gcov_execv _gcov_execvp _gcov_execve _gcov_interval_profiler _gcov_pow2_profiler _gcov_one_value_profiler _gcov_indirect_call_profiler _gcov_average_profiler _gcov_ior_profiler _gcov_merge_ior' >> tmp-libgcc.mvars [ALL ] echo LIB2ADD = '$(gcc_srcdir)/config/arm/bpabi.c $(gcc_srcdir)/config/arm/unaligned-funcs.c $(gcc_objdir)/addsf3.c $(gcc_objdir)/divsf3.c $(gcc_objdir)/eqsf2.c $(gcc_objdir)/gesf2.c $(gcc_objdir)/lesf2.c $(gcc_objdir)/mulsf3.c $(gcc_objdir)/negsf2.c $(gcc_objdir)/subsf3.c $(gcc_objdir)/unordsf2.c $(gcc_objdir)/fixsfsi.c $(gcc_objdir)/floatsisf.c $(gcc_objdir)/floatunsisf.c $(gcc_objdir)/adddf3.c $(gcc_objdir)/divdf3.c $(gcc_objdir)/eqdf2.c $(gcc_objdir)/gedf2.c $(gcc_objdir)/ledf2.c $(gcc_objdir)/muldf3.c $(gcc_objdir)/negdf2.c $(gcc_objdir)/subdf3.c $(gcc_objdir)/unorddf2.c $(gcc_objdir)/fixdfsi.c $(gcc_objdir)/floatsidf.c $(gcc_objdir)/floatunsidf.c $(gcc_objdir)/extendsfdf2.c $(gcc_objdir)/truncdfsf2.c' >> tmp-libgcc.mvars [ALL ] echo LIB2ADD_ST = '$(gcc_srcdir)/config/arm/linux-atomic.c ' >> tmp-libgcc.mvars [ALL ] echo LIB2ADDEH = '$(gcc_srcdir)/config/arm/unwind-arm.c $(gcc_srcdir)/config/arm/libunwind.S $(gcc_srcdir)/config/arm/pr-support.c $(gcc_srcdir)/unwind-c.c $(gcc_srcdir)/emutls.c ' >> tmp-libgcc.mvars [ALL ] echo LIB2ADDEHSTATIC = '$(gcc_srcdir)/config/arm/unwind-arm.c $(gcc_srcdir)/config/arm/libunwind.S $(gcc_srcdir)/config/arm/pr-support.c $(gcc_srcdir)/unwind-c.c $(gcc_srcdir)/emutls.c ' >> tmp-libgcc.mvars [ALL ] echo LIB2ADDEHSHARED = '$(gcc_srcdir)/config/arm/unwind-arm.c $(gcc_srcdir)/config/arm/libunwind.S $(gcc_srcdir)/config/arm/pr-support.c $(gcc_srcdir)/unwind-c.c $(gcc_srcdir)/emutls.c ' >> tmp-libgcc.mvars [ALL ] echo LIB2_SIDITI_CONV_FUNCS = '' >> tmp-libgcc.mvars [ALL ] echo LIBUNWIND = ' ' >> tmp-libgcc.mvars [ALL ] echo SHLIBUNWIND_LINK = '' >> tmp-libgcc.mvars [ALL ] echo SHLIBUNWIND_INSTALL = '' >> tmp-libgcc.mvars [ALL ] echo FPBIT = '' >> tmp-libgcc.mvars [ALL ] echo FPBIT_FUNCS = '_pack_sf _unpack_sf _addsub_sf _mul_sf _div_sf _fpcmp_parts_sf _compare_sf _eq_sf _ne_sf _gt_sf _ge_sf _lt_sf _le_sf _unord_sf _si_to_sf _sf_to_si _negate_sf _make_sf _sf_to_df _sf_to_tf _thenan_sf _sf_to_usi _usi_to_sf' >> tmp-libgcc.mvars [ALL ] echo LIB2_DIVMOD_FUNCS = '_divdi3 _moddi3 _udivdi3 _umoddi3 _udiv_w_sdiv _udivmoddi4' >> tmp-libgcc.mvars [ALL ] echo DPBIT = '' >> tmp-libgcc.mvars [ALL ] echo DPBIT_FUNCS = '_pack_df _unpack_df _addsub_df _mul_df _div_df _fpcmp_parts_df _compare_df _eq_df _ne_df _gt_df _ge_df _lt_df _le_df _unord_df _si_to_df _df_to_si _negate_df _make_df _df_to_sf _df_to_tf _thenan_df _df_to_usi _usi_to_df' >> tmp-libgcc.mvars [ALL ] echo TPBIT = '' >> tmp-libgcc.mvars [ALL ] echo TPBIT_FUNCS = '_pack_tf _unpack_tf _addsub_tf _mul_tf _div_tf _fpcmp_parts_tf _compare_tf _eq_tf _ne_tf _gt_tf _ge_tf _lt_tf _le_tf _unord_tf _si_to_tf _tf_to_si _negate_tf _make_tf _tf_to_df _tf_to_sf _thenan_tf _tf_to_usi _usi_to_tf' >> tmp-libgcc.mvars [ALL ] echo DFP_ENABLE = '' >> tmp-libgcc.mvars [ALL ] echo DFP_CFLAGS='' >> tmp-libgcc.mvars [ALL ] echo D32PBIT='' >> tmp-libgcc.mvars [ALL ] echo D32PBIT_FUNCS='_addsub_sd _div_sd _mul_sd _plus_sd _minus_sd _eq_sd _ne_sd _lt_sd _gt_sd _le_sd _ge_sd _sd_to_si _sd_to_di _sd_to_usi _sd_to_udi _si_to_sd _di_to_sd _usi_to_sd _udi_to_sd _sd_to_sf _sd_to_df _sd_to_xf _sd_to_tf _sf_to_sd _df_to_sd _xf_to_sd _tf_to_sd _sd_to_dd _sd_to_td _unord_sd _conv_sd' >> tmp-libgcc.mvars [ALL ] echo D64PBIT='' >> tmp-libgcc.mvars [ALL ] echo D64PBIT_FUNCS='_addsub_dd _div_dd _mul_dd _plus_dd _minus_dd _eq_dd _ne_dd _lt_dd _gt_dd _le_dd _ge_dd _dd_to_si _dd_to_di _dd_to_usi _dd_to_udi _si_to_dd _di_to_dd _usi_to_dd _udi_to_dd _dd_to_sf _dd_to_df _dd_to_xf _dd_to_tf _sf_to_dd _df_to_dd _xf_to_dd _tf_to_dd _dd_to_sd _dd_to_td _unord_dd _conv_dd' >> tmp-libgcc.mvars [ALL ] echo D128PBIT='' >> tmp-libgcc.mvars [ALL ] echo D128PBIT_FUNCS='_addsub_td _div_td _mul_td _plus_td _minus_td _eq_td _ne_td _lt_td _gt_td _le_td _ge_td _td_to_si _td_to_di _td_to_usi _td_to_udi _si_to_td _di_to_td _usi_to_td _udi_to_td _td_to_sf _td_to_df _td_to_xf _td_to_tf _sf_to_td _df_to_td _xf_to_td _tf_to_td _td_to_sd _td_to_dd _unord_td _conv_td' >> tmp-libgcc.mvars [ALL ] echo GCC_EXTRA_PARTS = 'crtbegin.o crtbeginS.o crtbeginT.o crtend.o crtendS.o' >> tmp-libgcc.mvars [ALL ] echo SHLIB_LINK = '$(GCC_FOR_TARGET) -O2 -g -Os -DIN_GCC -DCROSS_DIRECTORY_STRUCTURE -W -Wall -Wwrite-strings -Wstrict-prototypes -Wmissing-prototypes -Wcast-qual -Wold-style-definition -isystem ./include -fPIC -Wno-missing-prototypes -g -DIN_LIBGCC2 -D__GCC_FLOAT_NOT_NEEDED -Dinhibit_libc -shared -nodefaultlibs -Wl,--soname=@[email protected] -Wl,--version-script=@shlib_map_file@ -o @multilib_dir@/@[email protected] @multilib_flags@ @shlib_objs@ @libgcc_libm@ -lc && rm -f @multilib_dir@/@[email protected] && if [ -f @multilib_dir@/@[email protected] ]; then mv -f @multilib_dir@/@[email protected] @multilib_dir@/@[email protected]; else true; fi && mv @multilib_dir@/@[email protected] @multilib_dir@/@[email protected] && (echo "/* GNU ld script"; echo " Use the shared library, but some functions are only in"; echo " the static library. */"; echo "GROUP ( @[email protected] libgcc.a )" ) > @multilib_dir@/@[email protected]' >> tmp-libgcc.mvars [ALL ] echo SHLIB_INSTALL = '$(mkinstalldirs) $(DESTDIR)$(slibdir)@shlib_slibdir_qual@; /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/tools/bin/install -c -m 644 @multilib_dir@/@[email protected] $(DESTDIR)$(slibdir)@shlib_slibdir_qual@/@[email protected]; rm -f $(DESTDIR)$(slibdir)@shlib_slibdir_qual@/@[email protected]; /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/tools/bin/install -c -m 644 @multilib_dir@/@[email protected] $(DESTDIR)$(slibdir)@shlib_slibdir_qual@/@[email protected]' >> tmp-libgcc.mvars [ALL ] echo SHLIB_EXT = '.so' >> tmp-libgcc.mvars [ALL ] echo SHLIB_MKMAP = '$(gcc_srcdir)/mkmap-symver.awk ' >> tmp-libgcc.mvars [ALL ] echo SHLIB_MKMAP_OPTS = '' >> tmp-libgcc.mvars [ALL ] echo SHLIB_MAPFILES = '$(gcc_srcdir)/libgcc-std.ver $(gcc_srcdir)/config/libgcc-glibc.ver $(gcc_srcdir)/config/libgcc-glibc.ver $(gcc_srcdir)/config/arm/libgcc-bpabi.ver ' >> tmp-libgcc.mvars [ALL ] echo SHLIB_NM_FLAGS = '-pg' >> tmp-libgcc.mvars [ALL ] echo LIBGCC2_CFLAGS = '-O2 -g -Os -DIN_GCC -DCROSS_DIRECTORY_STRUCTURE -W -Wall -Wwrite-strings -Wstrict-prototypes -Wmissing-prototypes -Wcast-qual -Wold-style-definition -isystem ./include -fPIC -Wno-missing-prototypes -g -DIN_LIBGCC2 -D__GCC_FLOAT_NOT_NEEDED -Dinhibit_libc' >> tmp-libgcc.mvars [ALL ] echo TARGET_LIBGCC2_CFLAGS = '-fPIC -Wno-missing-prototypes' >> tmp-libgcc.mvars [ALL ] echo LIBGCC_SYNC = '' >> tmp-libgcc.mvars [ALL ] echo LIBGCC_SYNC_CFLAGS = '' >> tmp-libgcc.mvars [ALL ] echo CRTSTUFF_CFLAGS = '-O2 -g -Os -DIN_GCC -DCROSS_DIRECTORY_STRUCTURE -W -Wall -Wwrite-strings -Wstrict-prototypes -Wmissing-prototypes -Wcast-qual -Wold-style-definition -isystem ./include -I. -I. -I/home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/gcc-4.4.6/gcc -I/home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/gcc-4.4.6/gcc/. -I/home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/gcc-4.4.6/gcc/../include -I/home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/gcc-4.4.6/gcc/../libcpp/include -I/home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/arm-xscale-linux-gnueabi/buildtools/include -I/home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/arm-xscale-linux-gnueabi/buildtools/include -I/home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/gcc-4.4.6/gcc/../libdecnumber -I/home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/gcc-4.4.6/gcc/../libdecnumber/dpd -I../libdecnumber -I/home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/arm-xscale-linux-gnueabi/buildtools/include -DCLOOG_PPL_BACKEND -g0 -finhibit-size-directive -fno-inline-functions -fno-exceptions -fno-zero-initialized-in-bss -fno-toplevel-reorder -fno-tree-vectorize -Dinhibit_libc' >> tmp-libgcc.mvars [ALL ] echo CRTSTUFF_T_CFLAGS = '' >> tmp-libgcc.mvars [ALL ] echo CRTSTUFF_T_CFLAGS_S = ' -fPIC' >> tmp-libgcc.mvars [ALL ] mv tmp-libgcc.mvars libgcc.mvars [ALL ] rm gcc.pod [ALL ] make[2]: Leaving directory `/home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/arm-xscale-linux-gnueabi/build/build-cc-core-pass-1/gcc' [ALL ] Makefile:4872: recipe for target `all-gcc' failed [ERROR] make[1]: *** [all-gcc] Error 2 [ALL ] make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/arm-xscale-linux-gnueabi/build/build-cc-core-pass-1' [ERROR] [ERROR] >> [ERROR] >> Build failed in step 'Installing pass-1 core C compiler' [ERROR] >> called in step '(top-level)'
原因:
好像是之前的gcc中的cloog方面的bug
解决办法:
最后是使用 gcc 4.6.0,可以正常编译,可以避免此问题。
详见:
【未解决】cygwin下编译xscale的crosstool-ng时,gcc出错:[cc1-dummy.exe] Error 1
错误现象:
cygwin下ct-ng build去编译crosstool-ng出现:
CLi@PC-CLI-1 ~/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build $ ct-ng build ...... [INFO ] Installing kernel headers: done in 1854.80s (at 72:22) [EXTRA] Saving state to restart at step 'libc_start_files'... [INFO ] ================================================================= [INFO ] Installing C library headers & start files [EXTRA] Configuring C library [EXTRA] Installing C library headers [ERROR] make[2]: *** [manual/install-headers] Error 2 [ERROR] make[1]: *** [install-headers] Error 2 [ERROR] [ERROR] >> [ERROR] >> Build failed in step 'Installing C library headers & start files' [ERROR] >> called in step '(top-level)' [ERROR] >> [ERROR] >> Error happened in: CT_DoExecLog[scripts/functions@257] [ERROR] >> called from: do_libc_backend_once[scripts/build/libc/glibc-eglibc.sh-common@380] [ERROR] >> called from: do_libc_backend[scripts/build/libc/glibc-eglibc.sh-common@143] [ERROR] >> called from: do_libc_start_files[scripts/build/libc/glibc-eglibc.sh-common@60] [ERROR] >> called from: main[scripts/crosstool-NG.sh@632] ......
对应build.log中的详细内容为:
[ALL ] make[3]: Entering directory `/home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/glibc-2.9/gnulib' [ALL ] make[3]: `install-headers' is up to date. [ALL ] make[3]: Leaving directory `/home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/glibc-2.9/gnulib' [ALL ] /usr/bin/make subdir=wctype -C wctype ..=../ install-headers [ALL ] make[3]: Entering directory `/home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/glibc-2.9/wctype' [ALL ] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/tools/bin/install -c -m 644 wctype.h /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/x-tools/arm-xscale-linux-gnueabi/arm-xscale-linux-gnueabi/sysroot/usr/include/wctype.h [ALL ] make[3]: Leaving directory `/home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/glibc-2.9/wctype' [ALL ] /usr/bin/make subdir=manual -C manual ..=../ install-headers [ALL ] make[3]: Entering directory `/home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/glibc-2.9/manual' [ALL ] Makefile:240: *** mixed implicit and normal rules. Stop. [ALL ] make[3]: Leaving directory `/home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/glibc-2.9/manual' [ALL ] Makefile:207: recipe for target `manual/install-headers' failed [ERROR] make[2]: *** [manual/install-headers] Error 2 [ALL ] make[2]: Leaving directory `/home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/glibc-2.9' [ALL ] Makefile:12: recipe for target `install-headers' failed [ERROR] make[1]: *** [install-headers] Error 2 [ALL ] make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/arm-xscale-linux-gnueabi/build/build-libc-startfiles' [ERROR] [ERROR] >> [ERROR] >> Build failed in step 'Installing C library headers & start files' [ERROR] >> called in step '(top-level)' [ERROR] >> [ERROR] >> Error happened in: CT_DoExecLog[scripts/functions@257] [ERROR] >> called from: do_libc_backend_once[scripts/build/libc/glibc-eglibc.sh-common@380] [ERROR] >> called from: do_libc_backend[scripts/build/libc/glibc-eglibc.sh-common@143] [ERROR] >> called from: do_libc_start_files[scripts/build/libc/glibc-eglibc.sh-common@60] [ERROR] >> called from: main[scripts/crosstool-NG.sh@632]
原因:
make是3.82的,不识别,旧的,显示和隐式的规则混合在一起的混合规则
所以才报此错误。
解决办法:
而这种makefile中混合规则,老版本的make,即3.81版本的make,是支持的。
所以,总的来说,有两种解决办法:
很明显此办法,的确可以解决此类问题。
比如我之前这里:
就是这样手工改makefile的。
但是此办法的缺点是:
crosstool-ng项目中,涉及到这种混合规则的Makefile中的写法,有N多个
如果你要是每个都手动改,那就累死了。
并且需要你对Makefile的语法和规则,有足够深入的理解,也才能确保修改为正确的写法
所以:
此法,不适合,本身对于Makefile就不是很熟悉的,大部分的人
更好的办法是,下面要介绍的这个第 5.2.1.5.2 节 “把3.82的make换成3.81版本的make”把此处3.82的make想办法换成3.81版本的make,就可以了。
此法,很明显,属于:一劳永逸的办法
把make换成3.81的,之前的makefile中,N多处的混合规则,就不用手动修改,即可识别,正常编译了。
对应的,把3.82的make,换成3.81的make,其实也有两种办法:
此法,也是我之前,在Cygwin中折腾crosstool-ng时,去尝试过的:
【已解决】Cygwin下配置Linux内核出错:Makefile:419: *** mixed implicit and normal rules. Stop.
但是很明显,此法,代价太大:
使得整个系统中的make,都从3.82降级到3.81了。
总的来说,也不算好事。
并且,像是Cygwin中,去更换某个版本的软件包的话,相对来说,还比较麻烦。
而Linux系统,比如Ubuntu中,如果你用的源中没有3.81的make的话,还涉及到先换源
总之,就是很麻烦。
所以,一般来说,都还是用下面介绍的这个更好的办法:
第 5.2.1.5.2.2 节 “用crosstool-ng中提供的3.81的make(而不用更换系统环境中的3.82的make)”
最终,后来通过:
而去通过更改crosstool-ng中的配置,得以实现:
直接使用crosstool-ng中提供的那个3.81的make
而实现:
不仅解决了此处的问题:
Makefile:xxx: *** mixed implicit and normal rules. Stop.
而且,无需更改当前系统的3.82的make
也无需去手动更改出错的每一个makefile了。
对应的做法是:
ct-ng menuconfig
去如下配置:
Paths and misc options —> [*] Try features marked as EXPERIMENTAL Companion tools —> [*] Build some companion tools [*] make
Try features marked as EXPERIMENTAL对应的help帮助内容为:
┌───────────────────────── Try features marked as EXPERIMENTAL ─────────────────────────┐ │ CT_EXPERIMENTAL: │ │ │ │ If you set this to Y, then you will be able to try very experimental │ │ features. │ │ │ │ Experimental features can be one of: │ │ - working, in which case you should tell me it is! │ │ - buggy, in which case you could try patching and send me the result │ │ - unfinished, in which case you could try hacking it and send me the result │ │ - non-existant, in which case you could also try hacking it in and send me │ │ the result │ │ │ │ Symbol: EXPERIMENTAL [=y] │ │ Type : boolean │ │ Prompt: Try features marked as EXPERIMENTAL │ │ Defined at config/global/ct-behave.in:18 │ │ Location: │ │ -> Paths and misc options │
以及:
Build some companion tools对应的help帮助内容为:
┌───────────────────────────── Build some companion tools ──────────────────────────────┐ │ CT_COMP_TOOLS: │ │ │ │ Crosstool-NG relies on some external tools to be recent enough, namely: │ │ make = 3.81 (in some cases) │ │ m4 >= 1.4.12 │ │ autoconf >= 2.63 │ │ automake >= 1.10.2 │ │ libtool >= 2.2.4 │ │ │ │ If your system has older versions, we can build them for you, │ │ but you are strongly encouraged to update your system instead! │ │ │ │ Symbol: COMP_TOOLS [=y] │ │ Type : boolean │ │ Prompt: Build some companion tools │ │ Defined at config/companion_tools.in:8 │ │ Depends on: EXPERIMENTAL [=y] │ │ Location: │ │ -> Companion tools │
如此,再去继续重新编译,可以看到对应的编译输出信息:
[EXTRA] Extracting ‘make-3.81′ [EXTRA] Patching ‘make-3.81′ [EXTRA] ================================================================= [EXTRA] Installing make [02:14] |
即,去下载并编译对应的3.81的make,供后续使用了。
至此,才算是比较完美的解决此处的问题。
详见:
此处是,在Cygwin下才会出现的一些,关于编译crosstol-ng时遇到的问题和解决办法:
我之前在:
Win7 x64 + Cygwin 1.7.24
下,去编译crosstool-ng:
【记录】重试使用最新版本1.18.0的crosstool-ng去配置和编译xscale的交叉编译器
结果,期间出现多次的:
Cannot allocate memory
详见:
【未解决】cygwin下编译xscale的crosstool-ng时,gcc出错:[cc1-dummy.exe] Error 1
最终,而推测出的:
【未解决】用cygwin编译crosstool-ng,好像有内存泄露(memory leak)
但是,截止现在,其实也不完全确定:
到底是cygwin中的(比如ld)有bug
还是crosstool-ng对于此处的cygwin不太兼容?
而导致的此处的内存泄露,内存被消耗光的问题。
不过,和此对比的是:
后来又去Ubuntu 13.04中,去编译crosstool-ng:
【记录】Ubuntu下用crosstool-ng为xscale建立交叉编译器arm-xscale-linux-gnueabi-gcc
确定,是没有出现内存占用极高,而导致内存不够的问题。
所以,此处截止目前的结论是:
此处在Win7 x64 + Cygwin 1.7.24,去编译crosstool-ng,出现了内存占用极高
而导致系统卡死,无法继续编译
应该就是:内存泄露
但是原因,到底是cygwin本身的问题,还是crosstool-ng不太兼容cygwin
至今仍未知。
已知的是:crosstool-ng在Ubuntu 13.04中,编译是很顺利的,不会出现此内存泄露的现象。
错误现象:
cygwin下ct-ng build去编译crosstool-ng出现:
[ERROR] Your file system in ‘/home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.9.3_build/targets’ is *not* case-sensitive!
原因:
windows系统默认是大小写不分的
而crosstool-ng,一般是在Linux类系统中运行的,是区分大小写的
比如两个文件文件名的字符可能相同,但是大小写不同,就是两个不同文件
而如果Windows中不区分大小写,那么就会导致文件冲突。
所以此处报错,说你的环境是不区分大小写的。
解决办法:
Windows下,修改注册表:
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\kernel\obcaseinsensitive
将值从1改为0。
此处是,在Linux类系统下才会出现的一些,关于编译crosstol-ng时遇到的问题和解决办法:
错误现象:
cygwin下ct-ng build去编译crosstool-ng出现:
CLi@PC-CLI-1 ~/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build $ ct-ng build [INFO ] Performing some trivial sanity checks ...... [INFO ] ================================================================= [INFO ] Installing pass-1 core C compiler [EXTRA] Configuring gcc [EXTRA] Building gcc [ERROR] /home/CLi/develop/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build/.build/src/gcc-4.2.2/gcc/regrename.c:1646:12: error: 'IFCVT_ALLOW_MODIFY_TEST_IN_INSN' undeclared (first use in this function) [ERROR] make[2]: *** [regrename.o] Error 1 [ERROR] make[1]: *** [all-gcc] Error 2 ...
原因:
暂未清楚深层次的原因。
解决办法:
去修改对应的文件:
crosstool-ng-1.18.0_build\.build\src\gcc-4.2.2\gcc\regrename.c
去注释掉对应的代码,变成:
/* Added for targets (AVR32) which supports test operands to be modified in cond_exec instruction. For these targets we cannot make a change to the test operands if one of the test operands is an output operand This beacuse changing the test operands might cause the need for inserting a new test insns in the middle of a sequence of cond_exec insns and if the test operands are modified these tests will fail. */ // if ( IFCVT_ALLOW_MODIFY_TEST_IN_INSN // && predicated ) // { // int insn_skipped = 0; // rtx test = COND_EXEC_TEST (PATTERN (insn)); // /* Check if the previous insn was a skipped predicated insn with the same // test as this predicated insns. If so we cannot do any modification to // this insn either since we cannot emit the test insn because the operands // are clobbered. */ // if ( prev_pred_insn_skipped // && (rtx_equal_p (test, prev_pred_test) // || rtx_equal_p (test, reversed_condition (prev_pred_test))) ) // { // insn_skipped = 1; // } // else // { // /* Check if the output operand is used in the test expression. */ // for (i = 0; i < n_ops; ++i) // if ( recog_data.operand_type[i] == OP_INOUT // && reg_mentioned_p (recog_data.operand[i], test) ) // { // insn_skipped = 1; // break; // } // } // prev_pred_test = test; // prev_pred_insn_skipped = insn_skipped; // if ( insn_skipped ) // { // if (insn == BB_END (bb)) // break; // else // continue; // } // } // else // { // prev_pred_insn_skipped = 0; // }
即可。
相关旧帖:【总结】crosstool-ng使用心得和注意事项
后来无意间发现,其实crosstool-ng的作者Yann E. MORIN,简称ymorin,其有个主页的:http://ymorin.is-a-geek.org/
其中,很容易看出:ymorin.is-a-geek,即:ymorin is a geek,翻译为中文即为:ymorin是个极客,即技术上比较能折腾的家伙,^_^
然后,对应该主页中,有此crosstool-ng的主页链接:http://crosstool-ng.org/
然后也可以看到,其也参考了别的一些项目的,比如:BusyBox中的modprobe。
Linaro,是一个组织,其维护了一堆的基础库等内容,方便其他人使用。包括Ubuntu等Linux的发行版,Android等等。
其所维护的东西,除了基础的gcc库等常见内容之外,还包括此crosstool-ng。
关于如何在crosstool-ng中,使用linaro的gcc,可参考:
和:
Buildroot,默认是使用自己的交叉编译器,去制作整个Linux系统,包括编译kernel,编译uboot,制作rootfs的。
而最新的Buildroot,已经支持,使用第三方的交叉编译器,去制作整个Linux系统。
其中,就已经支持了,用crosstool-ng的交叉编译器。
详见Buildroot中的配置说明:
[1] crosstool
[2] crosstool-ng
[8] BusyBox
[11] 交叉编译详解
[12] 借助别人的工具去制作交叉编译器
[13] crosstool
[29] 【整理】crosstool-ng中的Architecture level,Emit assembly for CPU,Tune for CPU对于TQ2440的S3C2440的ARM920T填写何值
[33] Cygwin详解
[37] Buildroot
[38] 【整理】Linaro简介