为了给教程:
自动化测试概览
增加易懂的例子。
此处去Mac中写个简单的Selenium的例子,比如调用浏览器,打开百度主页,输入内容,点击搜索,输出搜索结果的列表
先去Mac中安装和搭建Selenium的环境:
【未解决】Mac中搭建Selenium的Python开发环境
其中:
【已解决】Mac中下载Selenium的Chrome的driver:ChromeDriver
另外还要:
查看 chromedriver 和 Chrome版本一致
- ChromeDriver:89.0.4389.23
- Chrome:版本 89.0.4389.90(正式版本) (x86_64)
其中:两个主版本号是一致的:89.0.4389
最后末尾的版本号 不太一致:23 vs 90,估计影响不大
然后即可:
【已解决】Mac中搭建Selenium的Python开发环境
接着继续写代码
其他参考资料
from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys baiduUrl = "https://www.baidu.com" chromeDriver = webdriver.Chrome() chromeDriver.get(baiduUrl)
可以启动Chrome了:
期间,可以看出此处页面的确,如我们所希望的,进入到了百度首页
如果担心发生意外,则可以加上逻辑确保符合希望:
【整理】用Chrome或Chromium查看百度首页中各元素的html源码
所以可以代码写成:
assert chromeDriver.title == "百度一下,你就知道"
或:
assert '百度' in chromeDriver.title
确保,的确进入了百度的页面
接着,需要去:搞清楚,如何定位到 百度搜索的输入框:
【已解决】Selenium中如何定位元素:百度首页中的输入框
接下来,就简单了,就是把要实现的逻辑,用Selenium实现即可:
希望给搜索框中输入内容,点击 百度一下 按钮,触发搜索
得到搜索结果,默认只显示第一页
然后再去从搜索结果中,解析得到第一页的文章的标题
最终得到百度搜索结果第一页的文章的标题的列表
所以先去:
【已解决】Selenium中给百度搜索框中输入文字并触发搜索
接着,再去想办法获取到搜索结果的标题列表:
【已解决】Selenium中Python解析百度搜索结果第一页获取标题列表
然后再去另外实现:
【已解决】Mac中录制gif动画图片
【总结】
最后代码是:
# Function: demo selenium do baidu search and extract result # Author: Crifan Li # Update: 20210327 from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC from bs4 import BeautifulSoup import re chromeDriver = webdriver.Chrome() ################################################################################ # Open url ################################################################################ baiduUrl = "https://www.baidu.com" chromeDriver.get(baiduUrl) print("title=%s" % chromeDriver.title) assert chromeDriver.title == "百度一下,你就知道" # assert '百度' in chromeDriver.title ################################################################################ # Find/Locate search button ################################################################################ SearchButtonId = "kw" searchButtonElem = chromeDriver.find_element_by_id(SearchButtonId) print("searchButtonElem=%s" % searchButtonElem) # searchButtonElem=<selenium.webdriver.remote.webelement.WebElement (session="e0d8b72f2fc31e27220f66fcbdb22bfc", element="21aa0e9d-04fa-4385-b16b-d82998068887")> ################################################################################ # Input text ################################################################################ searchButtonElem.clear() print("Clear existed content") searchStr = "crifan" searchButtonElem.send_keys(searchStr) print("Entered %s to search box" % searchStr) ################################################################################ # Click button ################################################################################ # Method 1: emulate press Enter key # searchButtonElem.send_keys(Keys.RETURN) # print("Pressed Enter/Return key") # Method 2: find button and click BaiduSearchId = "su" baiduSearchButtonElem = chromeDriver.find_element_by_id(BaiduSearchId) print("baiduSearchButtonElem=%s" % baiduSearchButtonElem) baiduSearchButtonElem.click() print("Clicked button %s" % baiduSearchButtonElem) ################################################################################ # Wait page change/loading completed # -> following element makesure show = visible # -> otherwise possibly can NOT find elements ################################################################################ MaxWaitSeconds = 10 numTextElem = WebDriverWait(chromeDriver, MaxWaitSeconds).until( EC.presence_of_element_located((By.XPATH, "//span[@class='nums_text']")) ) print("Search complete, showing: %s" % numTextElem) ################################################################################ # Extract result ################################################################################ # Method 1: use Selenium to extract title list searchResultAList = chromeDriver.find_elements_by_xpath("//h3[contains(@class, 't')]/a") print("searchResultAList=%s" % searchResultAList) searchResultANum = len(searchResultAList) print("searchResultANum=%s" % searchResultANum) for curIdx, curSearchResultAElem in enumerate(searchResultAList): curNum = curIdx + 1 print("%s [%d] %s" % ("-"*20, curNum, "-"*20)) baiduLinkUrl = curSearchResultAElem.get_attribute("href") print("baiduLinkUrl=%s" % baiduLinkUrl) title = curSearchResultAElem.text print("title=%s" % title) # # Method 2: use BeautifulSoup to extract title list # curHtml = chromeDriver.page_source # curSoup = BeautifulSoup(curHtml, 'html.parser') # beginTP = re.compile("^t.*") # searchResultH3List = curSoup.find_all("h3", {"class": beginTP}) # print("searchResultH3List=%s" % searchResultH3List) # searchResultH3Num = len(searchResultH3List) # print("searchResultH3Num=%s" % searchResultH3Num) # for curIdx, searchResultH3Item in enumerate(searchResultH3List): # curNum = curIdx + 1 # print("%s [%d] %s" % ("-"*20, curNum, "-"*20)) # aElem = searchResultH3Item.find("a") # # print("aElem=%s" % aElem) # baiduLinkUrl = aElem.attrs["href"] # print("baiduLinkUrl=%s" % baiduLinkUrl) # title = aElem.text # print("title=%s" % title) ################################################################################ # End close ################################################################################ chromeDriver.close()
对应的gif动画是:
/Users/crifan/dev/dev_root/python/seleniumBaiduSearch/gif/SeleniumDoBaiduSearch_24M.gif
附上相关资料:
- 自己的教程
- 文档和教程 · Selenium知识总结
- 心得和总结 · Selenium知识总结
- 官网
- 英文:
- 3. Navigating — Selenium Python Bindings 2 documentation
- 4. Locating Elements — Selenium Python Bindings 2 documentation
- 中文
- 4. 查找元素 — Selenium-Python中文文档 2 documentation
- 5. 等待页面加载完成(Waits) — Selenium-Python中文文档 2 documentation
- 6. 页面对象 — Selenium-Python中文文档 2 documentation
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