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TTL (Transistor Transistor Logic) is not a protocol. It's an older technology for digital logic, but the name is often used to refer to the 5 V supply voltage, often incorrectly referring to what should be called UART.
TTL mean Transistor-Transistor-Logic and has its level for logical zero near 0V and for logical one near 5V. Often any 5V logic is called TTL, although most circuits nowadays are built as CMOS. Today there are also many circuits that work at 3.3V, which is no longer TTL.