linux网络配置、测试及故障诊断方法和工具
http://forum.ubuntu.org.cn/viewtopic.php?f=54&t=31047&start=15
作者:jekay100
DNS客户端配置文件/etc/resolv.conf
/etc/resolv.conf 里面存放的是各大通信公司DNS服务器列表;下面的三个地址可以用一用;当然您可以打电话问你的服务商;
nameserver 202.96.134.133
nameserver 202.96.128.143
nameserver 202.96.68.38
改变网络接口的速度和协商方式的工具miitool 和ethtool
通过mii-tool和ethtool工具来调整网卡的速度、双工等,这样能提高网卡的效率;
mii-tool 配置网络设备协商方式的工具
mii-tool 介绍
mii-tool – view, manipulate media-independent interface status (mii-tool 是查看,管理介质的网络接口的状态)
有时网卡需要配置协商方式 ,比如10/100/1000M的网卡半双工、全双工、自动协商的配置 。但大多数的网络设备是不用我们来修改协商,因为大多数网络设置接入的时候,都采用自动协商来解决相互通信的问题。但在有的情况下,需要我们手动来设置网卡的协商方式;
mii-tool 就是能指定网卡的协商方式。
注明:我在使用mii-tool工具修改协商模式时,提示是错误的,因为是在虚拟机中做的,不过虚拟机中的网卡我查看是支持全双工模式的,可是提示错误SIOCGMIIPHY on ‘eth0’ failed: Operation not supported,问题出在那里也不清楚,用google查了下,发现不少人都是这样的错误,也没说明原因;不过多数人提示可以使用ethtool工具去修改,我测试了下,还行!还有一种方法是修改/etc/modules.conf配置文件;
#ethtool -s eth0 autoneg off
#ethtool -s eth0 duplex full
在/etc/modules.conf添加内容
alias eth0 bcm5700 line_speed=100 full_duplex=1
options bcm5700 line_speed=100 full_duplex=1
重起!
mii-tool 更改网络接口协商的方法;
[root@localhost]# mii-tool –help
usage: mii-tool [-VvRrwl] [-A media,… | -F media] [interface …]
-V, –version display version information
-v, –verbose more verbose output 注:显示网络接口的信息;
-R, –reset reset MII to poweron state 注:重设MII到开启状态;
-r, –restart restart autonegotiation 注:重启自动协商模式;
-w, –watch monitor for link status changes 注:查看网络接口连接的状态变化;
-l, –log with -w, write events to syslog 注:写入事件到系统日志;
-A, –advertise=media,… advertise only specified media 注:指令特定的网络接口;
-F, –force=media force specified media technology 注:更改网络接口协商方式;
media: 100baseT4, 100baseTx-FD, 100baseTx-HD, 10baseT-FD, 10baseT-HD,
(to advertise both HD and FD) 100baseTx, 10baseT
查看网络接口的协商状态
[root@localhost]# mii-tool -v eth0
eth0: negotiated 100baseTx-FD, link ok
product info: vendor 00:00:00, model 0 rev 0
basic mode: autonegotiation enabled
basic status: autonegotiation complete, link ok
capabilities: 100baseTx-FD 100baseTx-HD 10baseT-FD 10baseT-HD
advertising: 100baseTx-FD 100baseTx-HD 10baseT-FD 10baseT-HD
link partner: 100baseTx-FD 100baseTx-HD 10baseT-FD 10baseT-HD flow-control
注:上面的例子,我们可以看得到是自动协商。注意红字的部份;
更改网络接口协商方式;
更改网络接口的协商方式,我们要用到-F选项,后面可以接 100baseT4, 100baseTx-FD, 100baseTx-HD, 10baseT-FD, 10baseT-HD等参数;
把网络接口eth0改为 1000Mb/s全双工的模式
[root@localhost]# mii-tool -F 100baseTx-FD
[root@localhost]#mii-tool -v eth0
eth0: 100 Mbit, full duplex, link ok
product info: vendor 00:00:00, model 0 rev 0
basic mode: 100 Mbit, full duplex
basic status: link ok
capabilities: 100baseTx-FD 100baseTx-HD 10baseT-FD 10baseT-HD
advertising: 100baseTx-FD 100baseTx-HD 10baseT-FD 10baseT-HD
也可以使用ethtool工具修改:
[root@localhost]# ethtool -s eth0 speed 100 duplex full
ethtool 工具关于网络协商功能介绍
ethtool – Display or change ethernet card settings(ethtool 是用来显示和更改网卡设置的工具);这个工具比较复杂,功能也特别多;
ethtool 显示网络端口设置功能
[root@localhost]# ethtool eth0
Settings for eth0:
Supported ports: [ TP MII ]
Supported link modes: 10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full
100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full
Supports auto-negotiation: Yes
Advertised link modes: 10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full
100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full
Advertised auto-negotiation: No 注:自动协商关闭
Speed: 100Mb/s 注:速度 100Mb
Duplex: Full 注:全双工
Port: MII
PHYAD: 32
Transceiver: internal
Auto-negotiation: off
Supports Wake-on: pumbg
Wake-on: d
Current message level: 0x00000007 (7)
Link detected: yes 注:eth0已经激活;
ethtool 设置网卡的协商模式;
ethtool -s DEVNAME
[ speed 10|100|1000 ]
[ duplex half|full ]
[ port tp|aui|bnc|mii|fibre ]
[ autoneg on|off ]
把网卡eth0 速度改为10Mb/s,采用半双工;
[root@localhost]# ethtool -s eth1 speed 10 duplex half
[root@localhost]# ethtool eth1
Settings for eth1:
Supported ports: [ TP MII ]
Supported link modes: 10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full
100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full
Supports auto-negotiation: Yes
Advertised link modes: 10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full
100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full
Advertised auto-negotiation: No
Speed: 10Mb/s 注:速度 10M/s
Duplex: Half 注:半双工
Port: MII
PHYAD: 32
Transceiver: internal
Auto-negotiation: off
Supports Wake-on: pumbg
Wake-on: d
Current message level: 0x00000007 (7)
Link detected: no 注:eth1没有激活;
把网卡eth0 速度改为100Mb/s,采用全双工;
[root@localhost]# ethtool -s eth1 speed 100 duplex full
[root@localhost]# ethtool eth1
Settings for eth1:
Supported ports: [ TP MII ]
Supported link modes: 10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full
100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full
Supports auto-negotiation: Yes
Advertised link modes: 10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full
100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full
Advertised auto-negotiation: No
Speed: 100Mb/s 注:速度 100M/s
Duplex: Full 注:全双工
Port: MII
PHYAD: 32
Transceiver: internal
Auto-negotiation: off
Supports Wake-on: pumbg
Wake-on: d
Current message level: 0x00000007 (7)
Link detected: no 注:eth1网卡没有激活;
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