1。什么是ABI
ABI,application binary interface (ABI),应用程序二进制接口。
既然是 接口,那就是某两种东西之间的沟通桥梁,此处有这些种情况:
A。应用程序 <-> 操作系统;
B。应用程序 <-> (应用程序所用到的)库
C 。应用程序各个组件之间
类似于API的作用是使得程序的代码间的兼容,ABI目的是使得程序的二进制(级别)的兼容。
2。什么是OABI 和 EABI
OABI中的O,表示“Old”,“Lagacy”,旧的,过时的,OABI就是旧的/老的ABI。
EABI中的E,表示“Embedded”,是一种新的ABI。
EABI有时候也叫做GNU EABI。
OABI和EABI都是专门针对ARM的CPU来说的。
3。EABI的好处 / 为何要用EABI
A。支持软件浮点和硬件实现浮点功能混用
B。系统调用的效率更高
C。和今后的工具更兼容
D。软件浮点的情况下,EABI的软件浮点的效率要比OABI高很多。
4。OABI和EABI的区别
两种ABI在如下方面有区别:
A。调用规则(包括参数如何传递及如何获得返回值)
B。系统调用的数目以及应用程序应该如何去做系统调用
C。目标文件的二进制格式,程序库等
D。结构体中的 填充(padding/packing)和对齐。
E。
OABI:
* ABI flags passed to binutils: -mabi=apcs-gnu -mfpu=fpa
* gcc -dumpmachine: arm-unknown-linux
* objdump -x for compiled binary:
private flags = 2: [APCS-32] [FPA float format] [has entry point]
* "file" on compiled Debian binary:
ELF 32-bit LSB executable, ARM, version 1 (ARM), for GNU/Linux 2.2.0, dynamically linked (uses shared libs), for GNU/Linux 2.2.0, stripped
* "readelf -h | grep Flags""
Flags: 0x0
EABI:
* ABI flags passed by gcc to binutils: -mabi=aapcs-linux -mfloat-abi=soft -meabi=4
* gcc -dumpmachine: arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi
* objdump -x for compiled binary:
private flags = 4000002: [Version4 EABI] [has entry point]
* "file" on compiled binary (under Debian):
ELF 32-bit LSB executable, ARM, version 1 (SYSV), for GNU/Linux 2.4.17, dynamically linked (uses shared libs), for GNU/Linux 2.4.17, stripped
* "readelf -h | grep Flags""
Flags: 0x4000002, has entry point, Version4 EABI
【如何查看当前的库文件或者目标文件是EABI还是OABI】
可以通过readelf -h查看:
[crifan@linux-41lh bch]$readelf -h a_eabi_object.obj
ELF Header:
Magic: 7f 45 4c 46 01 01 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
Class: ELF32
Data: 2's complement, little endian
Version: 1 (current)
OS/ABI: UNIX – System V
ABI Version: 0
Type: REL (Relocatable file)
Machine: ARM
Version: 0x1
Entry point address: 0x0
Start of program headers: 0 (bytes into file)
Start of section headers: 42880 (bytes into file)
Flags: 0x4000000, Version4 EABI
Size of this header: 52 (bytes)
Size of program headers: 0 (bytes)
Number of program headers: 0
Size of section headers: 40 (bytes)
Number of section headers: 12
Section header string table index: 9
[crifan@linux-41lh bch]$readelf -h a_oabi_object.obj
ELF Header:
Magic: 7f 45 4c 46 01 01 01 61 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
Class: ELF32
Data: 2's complement, little endian
Version: 1 (current)
OS/ABI: ARM
ABI Version: 0
Type: REL (Relocatable file)
Machine: ARM
Version: 0x1
Entry point address: 0x0
Start of program headers: 0 (bytes into file)
Start of section headers: 46400 (bytes into file)
Flags: 0x200, GNU EABI, software FP
Size of this header: 52 (bytes)
Size of program headers: 0 (bytes)
Number of program headers: 0
Size of section headers: 40 (bytes)
Number of section headers: 24
Section header string table index: 21
【提示】
常见遇到的一些问题,我所知道的是,对于OABI的交叉编译器,比如arm-linux-gcc这一套工具,如果你当初是用oabi编译的,那么生成的整套工具链,也是oabi的,用oabi的工具链去编译和链接其他eabi的库,就会出问题,常常是在ld的时候,提示类似如下错误:
arm-linux-ld: error: Source object drivers/mtd/bch/bch_4_s_noRomtable.obj has EABI version 0, but target drivers/mtd/built-in.o has EABI version 4
其解决办法就是,用同一套去编译不同的文件和链接不同的库,比如都是用OABI或者都是用EABI,比如重新去编译一个EABI的交叉工具链,然后用这个EABI的工具链去编译你其他的文件。
【参考】
1。ABI/EABI/OABI
http://blog.csdn.net/hongjiujing/archive/2008/07/21/2686556.aspx
2。Why ARM's EABI Matters
http://www.chineselinuxuniversity.net/articles/1255.shtml
3.[PDF]The new arm ABI (EABI) and Debian armel port
http://wiki.debian.org/ArmEabiPort
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