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    【整理】Linux下的make命令使用心得

    Embedded crifan 12464浏览 0评论

    关于make时，通过-j参数指定多线程数目

     

    之前在折腾crosstool-ng：

    【记录】crosstool为xscale编译(ct-ng build)过程

    时，就偶尔看到别人用

    ct-ng build.4

    意思是多线程去编译

    估计底层就是调用的makefile的支持多线程的这个功能。

    后来又在别处看到类似的写法了：

    Introduction to Cross Compilation

    中的：

    ?
    1
    make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabi- uImage -j4

    此时，才想到，去查查make的参数：

    （此处是在cygwin中）

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    Administrator@PC-20130611GART /cygdrive/e/Dev_Root
    $ make --help
    Usage: make [options] [target] ...
    Options:
      -b, -m                      Ignored for compatibility.
      -B, --always-make           Unconditionally make all targets.
      -C DIRECTORY, --directory=DIRECTORY
                                  Change to DIRECTORY before doing anything.
      -d                          Print lots of debugging information.
      --debug[=FLAGS]             Print various types of debugging information.
      -e, --environment-overrides
                                  Environment variables override makefiles.
      --eval=STRING               Evaluate STRING as a makefile statement.
      -f FILE, --file=FILE, --makefile=FILE
                                  Read FILE as a makefile.
      -h, --help                  Print this message and exit.
      -i, --ignore-errors         Ignore errors from recipes.
      -I DIRECTORY, --include-dir=DIRECTORY
                                  Search DIRECTORY for included makefiles.
      -j [N], --jobs[=N]          Allow N jobs at once; infinite jobs with no arg.
      -k, --keep-going            Keep going when some targets can't be made.
      -l [N], --load-average[=N], --max-load[=N]
                                  Don't start multiple jobs unless load is below N.
      -L, --check-symlink-times   Use the latest mtime between symlinks and target.
      -n, --just-print, --dry-run, --recon
                                  Don't actually run any recipe; just print them.
      -o FILE, --old-file=FILE, --assume-old=FILE
                                  Consider FILE to be very old and don't remake it.
      -p, --print-data-base       Print make's internal database.
      -q, --question              Run no recipe; exit status says if up to date.
      -r, --no-builtin-rules      Disable the built-in implicit rules.
      -R, --no-builtin-variables  Disable the built-in variable settings.
      -s, --silent, --quiet       Don't echo recipes.
      -S, --no-keep-going, --stop
                                  Turns off -k.
      -t, --touch                 Touch targets instead of remaking them.
      --trace                     Print tracing information.
      -v, --version               Print the version number of make and exit.
      -w, --print-directory       Print the current directory.
      --no-print-directory        Turn off -w, even if it was turned on implicitly.
      -W FILE, --what-if=FILE, --new-file=FILE, --assume-new=FILE
                                  Consider FILE to be infinitely new.
      --warn-undefined-variables  Warn when an undefined variable is referenced.
     
    This program built for i686-pc-cygwin
    Report bugs to <bug-make@gnu.org>
     
    Administrator@PC-20130611GART /cygdrive/e/Dev_Root
    $

    果然对应的-j==–jobs，指的是多线程的意思：

    -j [N], –jobs[=N] Allow N jobs at once; infinite jobs with no arg.

    用法即：

    ?
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    make –j 4

    或

    ?
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    make –jobs=4

     

    make加上-s，表示silent，不输出详细log信息

    之前折腾：

    【记录】尝试用QEMU模拟ARM开发板去加载并运行Uboot，kernel，rootfs

    参考的：

    Virtual Development Board

    中就用到：

    ?
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    sudo make install -s
    make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-none-linux-gnueabi- versatile_defconfig -s
    make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-none-linux-gnueabi- uImage -s

    其中的-s参数，之前就猜测是silent的意思。

    根本上面的–help输出的信息，果然是：

    -s, –silent, –quiet Don’t echo recipes.

     

    -f指定makefile文件

    之前就知道的，可以通过-f指定特定的makefile文件的。

    背景是：

    当执行make时，默认会去（当前文件夹下）找名为Makefile的文件

    如果此处你需要去运行特定文件名的makefile文件，比如my.mk

    那么就可以通过-f去指定：

    ?
    1
    make –f my.mk

    即可。

     

    make help可以用来查看当前支持哪些目标

    一般来说，多数的makefile文件，除了最常见的make all，make clean等最常见的目标之外，往往都会有自己不同的目标供执行，即：

    make xxx

    make yyy

    等等。

    而想要去查看，有哪些xxx和yyy供你使用，可以通过make help去查看。

    举例：

    最近折腾的：

    【记录】Ubuntu下为QEMU的arm平台交叉编译BusyBox

    中的make help的输出，就是：

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    crifan@ubuntu:busybox-1.16.0$ make help
    Cleaning:
      clean         - delete temporary files created by build
      distclean     - delete all non-source files (including .config)
      doc-clean     - delete all generated documentation
      
    Build:
      all           - Executable and documentation
      busybox       - the swiss-army executable
      doc           - docs/BusyBox.{txt,html,1}
      html          - create html-based cross-reference
      
    Configuration:
      allnoconfig       - disable all symbols in .config
      allyesconfig      - enable all symbols in .config (see defconfig)
      config        - text based configurator (of last resort)
      defconfig     - set .config to largest generic configuration
      menuconfig        - interactive curses-based configurator
      oldconfig     - resolve any unresolved symbols in .config
      hosttools         - build sed for the host.
                  You can use these commands if the commands on the host
                  is unusable. Afterwards use it like:
                  make SED="/home/crifan/develop/embedded/qemu/rootfs/busybox/busybox-1.16.0/sed"
      
    Installation:
      install       - install busybox into CONFIG_PREFIX
      uninstall
      
    Development:
      baseline      - create busybox_old for bloatcheck.
      bloatcheck        - show size difference between old and new versions
      check         - run the test suite for all applets
      checkhelp     - check for missing help-entries in Config.in
      randconfig        - generate a random configuration
      release       - create a distribution tarball
      sizes         - show size of all enabled busybox symbols
      objsizes      - show size of each .o object built
      bigdata       - show data objects, biggest first
      stksizes      - show stack users, biggest first

    如此，就知道了：

    当前的busybox的makefile中，支持如此多的目标，而想要查看当前busybox的各种stack信息，就可以去试试那个stksizes了：

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    crifan@ubuntu:busybox-1.16.0$ make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-xscale-linux-gnueabi- stksizes
    arm-xscale-linux-gnueabi-objdump -d busybox_unstripped | /home/crifan/develop/embedded/qemu/rootfs/busybox/busybox-1.16.0/scripts/checkstack.pl arm | uniq
    buffered_vfprintf [busybox_unstripped]:         8384
    phys_pages_info [busybox_unstripped]:           8192
    __get_nprocs [busybox_unstripped]:          8192
    __res_vinit [busybox_unstripped]:           8192
    _IO_wfile_seekoff [busybox_unstripped]:         4224
    __unix_grantpt [busybox_unstripped]:            4224
    _IO_vfwprintf [busybox_unstripped]:         4224
    grantpt [busybox_unstripped]:               4160
    bb_full_fd_action [busybox_unstripped]:         4096
    find_list_entry2 [busybox_unstripped]:          4096
    readlink_main [busybox_unstripped]:         4096
    pid_is_exec [busybox_unstripped]:           4096
    execle [busybox_unstripped]:                4096
    execl [busybox_unstripped]:             4096
    execlp [busybox_unstripped]:                4096
    _dl_get_origin [busybox_unstripped]:            4096
    ipaddr_list_or_flush [busybox_unstripped]:      3664
    iproute_list_or_flush [busybox_unstripped]:     3648
    __c32 [busybox_unstripped]:             3600
    buffered_vfprintf [busybox_unstripped]:         3302
    __mpatan [busybox_unstripped]:              2976
    fallbackSort [busybox_unstripped]:          2928
    atan2Mp.constprop.0 [busybox_unstripped]:       2304
    __mpsqrt [busybox_unstripped]:              2304
    __slowpow [busybox_unstripped]:             2304
    cal_main [busybox_unstripped]:              2288
    internal_fnmatch [busybox_unstripped]:          2144
    doCommands [busybox_unstripped]:            2112
    __slowexp [busybox_unstripped]:             1984
    __mpexp [busybox_unstripped]:               1984
    normalized [busybox_unstripped]:            1968
    get_next_block [busybox_unstripped]:            1968
    identify_from_stdin [busybox_unstripped]:       1792
    __ieee754_log [busybox_unstripped]:         1648
    huft_build [busybox_unstripped]:            1488
    iproute_modify [busybox_unstripped]:            1376
    svc_getreq_common [busybox_unstripped]:         1328
    __mpatan2 [busybox_unstripped]:             1312
    inflate_block [busybox_unstripped]:         1296
    _IO_vfprintf [busybox_unstripped]:          1296
    __libc_message [busybox_unstripped]:            1280
    getlogin_r [busybox_unstripped]:            1280
    mainQSort3.constprop.2 [busybox_unstripped]:        1264
    __gettextparse [busybox_unstripped]:            1248
    iproute_get [busybox_unstripped]:           1184
    rx_main [busybox_unstripped]:               1152
    ether_wake_main [busybox_unstripped]:           1152
    procps_scan [busybox_unstripped]:           1152
    unwind_phase2_forced [busybox_unstripped]:      1152
    build_trtable [busybox_unstripped]:         1126
    wget_main [busybox_unstripped]:             1120
    iprule_modify [busybox_unstripped]:         1120
    getopt32 [busybox_unstripped]:              1104
    _svcauth_des [busybox_unstripped]:          1088
    two_way_long_needle [busybox_unstripped]:       1056
    ether_hostton [busybox_unstripped]:         1056
    check_existence_through_netlink [busybox_unstripped]:   1040
    two_way_long_needle [busybox_unstripped]:       1040
    clnt_sperror [busybox_unstripped]:          1040
    clnt_spcreateerror [busybox_unstripped]:        1040
    _dl_signal_error [busybox_unstripped]:          1040
    internal_fnwmatch [busybox_unstripped]:         1030
    bad_zone [busybox_unstripped]:              1024
    get_dirsize [busybox_unstripped]:           1024
    map_block2 [busybox_unstripped]:            1024
    map_block [busybox_unstripped]:             1024
    addLines [busybox_unstripped]:              1024
    getNum [busybox_unstripped]:                1024
    perror_internal [busybox_unstripped]:           1024
    __getmntent_r [busybox_unstripped]:         1024
    __mpsin [busybox_unstripped]:               996
    __mpcos [busybox_unstripped]:               996
    __mpsin1 [busybox_unstripped]:              992
    __mpcos1 [busybox_unstripped]:              992
    __sin32 [busybox_unstripped]:               988
    __cos32 [busybox_unstripped]:               988
    __mpranred [busybox_unstripped]:            988
    __mplog [busybox_unstripped]:               984
    udhcpc_main [busybox_unstripped]:           884
    dhcprelay_main [busybox_unstripped]:            836
    udhcpd_main [busybox_unstripped]:           824
    sha512_process_block128 [busybox_unstripped]:       812
    glob_in_dir [busybox_unstripped]:           804
    init_exec [busybox_unstripped]:             788
    write_wtmp [busybox_unstripped]:            780
    nfsmount [busybox_unstripped]:              732
    do_tunnels_list [busybox_unstripped]:           724
    print_tunnel [busybox_unstripped]:          712
    pututline_file [busybox_unstripped]:            708
    if_readlist_proc [busybox_unstripped]:          696
    udhcp_send_raw_packet [busybox_unstripped]:     692
    arp_show [busybox_unstripped]:              684
    __inv [busybox_unstripped]:             664
    __gnu_Unwind_Backtrace [busybox_unstripped]:        664
    udhcp_recv_raw_packet [busybox_unstripped]:     660
    print_login_issue [busybox_unstripped]:         656
    send_ACK [busybox_unstripped]:              644
    send_release [busybox_unstripped]:          644
    send_offer [busybox_unstripped]:            640
    send_renew [busybox_unstripped]:            640
    send_NAK [busybox_unstripped]:              636
    send_discover [busybox_unstripped]:         636
    send_inform [busybox_unstripped]:           632
    send_decline [busybox_unstripped]:          632
    send_select [busybox_unstripped]:           632
    ash_main [busybox_unstripped]:              632
    dnsd_main [busybox_unstripped]:             604
    _dl_start_profile [busybox_unstripped]:         604
    sha_crypt [busybox_unstripped]:             596
    __gnu_Unwind_RaiseException [busybox_unstripped]:   580
    _dl_map_object [busybox_unstripped]:            580
    inetd_main [busybox_unstripped]:            576
    readtoken1 [busybox_unstripped]:            572
    _dl_debug_vdprintf [busybox_unstripped]:        556
    process_dev [busybox_unstripped]:           544
    get_header_tar [busybox_unstripped]:            540
    uname_main [busybox_unstripped]:            540
    last_main [busybox_unstripped]:             532
    glob_in_dir [busybox_unstripped]:           532
    dir_act [busybox_unstripped]:               524
    retrieve_file_data [busybox_unstripped]:        524
    log_option [busybox_unstripped]:            524
    gaih_inet [busybox_unstripped]:             520
    readprofile_main [busybox_unstripped]:          516
    writeTarHeader [busybox_unstripped]:            516
    _IO_vfscanf [busybox_unstripped]:           516
    handle_net_output [busybox_unstripped]:         512
    writeLongname [busybox_unstripped]:         512
    getnameinfo [busybox_unstripped]:           484
    print_addrinfo [busybox_unstripped]:            480
    _nl_load_locale_from_archive [busybox_unstripped]:  460
    read_alias_file [busybox_unstripped]:           460
    _dl_discover_osversion [busybox_unstripped]:        460
    authunix_create [busybox_unstripped]:           456
    login_main [busybox_unstripped]:            452
    print_route [busybox_unstripped]:           444
    evalfun [busybox_unstripped]:               440
    _dl_catch_error [busybox_unstripped]:           440
    brctl_main [busybox_unstripped]:            420
    evalbltin.isra.1 [busybox_unstripped]:          420
    evaltree [busybox_unstripped]:              420
    setvarsafe [busybox_unstripped]:            416
    redirectsafe [busybox_unstripped]:          416
    crond_main [busybox_unstripped]:            412
    modprobe_main [busybox_unstripped]:         412
    ipaddr_modify [busybox_unstripped]:         412
    scan_proc_net [busybox_unstripped]:         412
    _Unwind_VRS_Pop [busybox_unstripped]:           412
    __sleep [busybox_unstripped]:               408
    ____strtod_l_internal [busybox_unstripped]:     404
    exitshell [busybox_unstripped]:             404
    bb_ask [busybox_unstripped]:                404
    get_linux_version_code [busybox_unstripped]:        396
    safe_gethostname [busybox_unstripped]:          396
    safe_getdomainname [busybox_unstripped]:        396
    getdomainname [busybox_unstripped]:         396
    runsv_main [busybox_unstripped]:            392
    __gethostname [busybox_unstripped]:         392
    update_utmp [busybox_unstripped]:           384
    print_rule [busybox_unstripped]:            384
    parse_config_file [busybox_unstripped]:         380
    reread_config_file [busybox_unstripped]:        380
    set_loop [busybox_unstripped]:              380
    fbset_main [busybox_unstripped]:            372
    find_block_device [busybox_unstripped]:         372
    arping_main [busybox_unstripped]:           364
    _IO_vdprintf [busybox_unstripped]:          364
    md5_crypt [busybox_unstripped]:             356
    passwd_main [busybox_unstripped]:           348
    __mbsrtowcs_l [busybox_unstripped]:         348
    list_devs_in_proc_partititons [busybox_unstripped]: 344
    sha1_process_block64 [busybox_unstripped]:      340
    __glob64 [busybox_unstripped]:              340
    display_process_list [busybox_unstripped]:      332
    __wcsrtombs [busybox_unstripped]:           332
    INET6_displayroutes [busybox_unstripped]:       328
    __dvd [busybox_unstripped]:             328
    mainSort [busybox_unstripped]:              324
    __mbsnrtowcs [busybox_unstripped]:          324
    __ttyname_r [busybox_unstripped]:           324
    glob [busybox_unstripped]:              324
    sulogin_main [busybox_unstripped]:          316
    makedevs_main [busybox_unstripped]:         316
    re_compile_fastmap_iter.isra.40 [busybox_unstripped]:   316
    do_lzo_decompress [busybox_unstripped]:         312
    do_system [busybox_unstripped]:             312
    do_lzo_compress [busybox_unstripped]:           308
    updwtmp_file [busybox_unstripped]:          308
    getutline_r_file [busybox_unstripped]:          308
    correct_password [busybox_unstripped]:          304
    __libc_start_main [busybox_unstripped]:         304
    telnetd_main [busybox_unstripped]:          300
    read_line_input [busybox_unstripped]:           300
    re_search_internal [busybox_unstripped]:        300
    internal_getut_r [busybox_unstripped]:          300
    crifan@ubuntu:busybox-1.16.0$

     

    5.

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