【背景】
之前就遇到很多次，对于将，不仅仅是普通的ASCII的字符串，读取或写入文件
之前也就知道用codecs。
后来见到不止一人：
python怎么读取文件名中包含特殊字符的文件 比如xiân.txt
遇到类似问题，但是不会处理，所以，此处，专门去写个教程，简要解释一下codecs如何使用。
【Python中用codecs处理各种字符编码的文件】
完整示例代码如下：
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 | #!/usr/bin/python# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-"""Function:【教程】用Python的codecs处理各种字符编码的字符串和文件<blockquote class="wp-embedded-content" data-secret="nPCVLNHYAu"><a href="https://www.crifan.com/tutorial_python_codecs_process_file_char_encoding/">【教程】用Python的codecs处理各种字符编码的字符串和文件</a></blockquote><iframe class="wp-embedded-content" sandbox="allow-scripts" security="restricted" style="position: absolute; visibility: hidden;" title="《 【教程】用Python的codecs处理各种字符编码的字符串和文件 》—在路上" src="https://www.crifan.com/tutorial_python_codecs_process_file_char_encoding/embed/#?secret=cDIlaGjC6I#?secret=nPCVLNHYAu" data-secret="nPCVLNHYAu" width="500" height="282" frameborder="0" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" scrolling="no"></iframe> Author: Crifan LiVersion: 2013-10-20Contact: https://www.crifan.com/about/me"""import codecs;def python_codecs_demo(): """demo how to use codecs to handle file with specific encoding""" testStrUnicode = u"中文测试Unicode字符串"; print "testStrUnicode=",testStrUnicode testStrUtf8 = testStrUnicode.encode("UTF-8"); testStrGbk = testStrUnicode.encode("GBK"); outputFilename = "outputFile.txt" print "------------ 1.UTF-8 write and read ------------" print "--- (1) write UTF-8 string into file ---" # 'a+': read,write,append # 'w' : clear before, then write outputFp = codecs.open(outputFilename, 'w'); outputFp.write(testStrUtf8); outputFp.flush(); outputFp.close(); print "--- (2) read out previously written UTF-8 content ---" readoutFp = codecs.open(outputFilename, 'r', 'UTF-8'); #here already is unicode, for we have pass "UTF-8" to codecs.open readOutStrUnicodeFromUtf8 = readoutFp.read() readoutFp.close(); print "readOutStrUnicodeFromUtf8=",readOutStrUnicodeFromUtf8 print "------------ 2.GBK write and read ------------" print "--- (1) write GBK string into file ---" # 'a+': read,write,append # 'w' : clear before, then write outputFp = codecs.open(outputFilename, 'w'); outputFp.write(testStrGbk); outputFp.flush(); outputFp.close(); print "--- (2) read out previously written GBK content ---" readoutFp = codecs.open(outputFilename, 'r', 'GBK'); #here already is unicode, for we have pass "GBK" to codecs.open readOutStrUnicodeFromGbk = readoutFp.read() readoutFp.close(); print "readOutStrUnicodeFromGbk=",readOutStrUnicodeFromGbk print "Note: " print "1. more about encoding, please refer:" print u"【详解】python中的文件操作模式"if __name__ == "__main__": python_codecs_demo() |
输出为：
E:\dev_root\python\tutorial_summary\python_codecs_demo>python_codecs_demo.py ———— 1.UTF-8 write and read ———— — (1) write UTF-8 string into file — — ()2) read out previously written UTF-8 content — readOutStrUnicodeFromUtf8= 中文测试Unicode字符串 ———— 2.GBK write and read ———— — (1) write GBK string into file — — (2) read out previously written GBK content — readOutStrUnicodeFromGbk= 中文测试Unicode字符串 Note: 1. more about encoding, please refer: 【详解】python中的文件操作模式 https://www.crifan.com/summary_python_file_operation_mode/ |
如图：
注：
1.关于字符编码，不熟悉的可参考：
2.关于文件操作模式，不熟悉的可参考：
3.关于Python中的字符串编码，不熟悉的可参考：
【总结】
还是要多参考官网的api的解释，多练习，才会慢慢的真正理解编码的事情。
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