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【教程】用Python的codecs处理各种字符编码的字符串和文件

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【背景】

之前就遇到很多次,对于将,不仅仅是普通的ASCII的字符串,读取或写入文件

之前也就知道用codecs。

后来见到不止一人:

【问题解答】python爬虫保存为txt的编码问题求解决?

python怎么读取文件名中包含特殊字符的文件 比如xiân.txt

遇到类似问题,但是不会处理,所以,此处,专门去写个教程,简要解释一下codecs如何使用。

【Python中用codecs处理各种字符编码的文件】

完整示例代码如下:

#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
Function:
【教程】用Python的codecs处理各种字符编码的字符串和文件
https://www.crifan.com/tutorial_python_codecs_process_file_char_encoding
 
Author:     Crifan Li
Version:    2013-10-20
Contact:    https://www.crifan.com/about/me
"""

import codecs;

def python_codecs_demo():
    """demo how to use codecs to handle file with specific encoding"""
    testStrUnicode = u"中文测试Unicode字符串";
    print "testStrUnicode=",testStrUnicode
    testStrUtf8 = testStrUnicode.encode("UTF-8");
    testStrGbk = testStrUnicode.encode("GBK");

    outputFilename = "outputFile.txt"

    print "------------ 1.UTF-8 write and read ------------"
    print "--- (1) write UTF-8 string into file ---"
    # 'a+': read,write,append
    # 'w' : clear before, then write
    outputFp = codecs.open(outputFilename, 'w');
    outputFp.write(testStrUtf8);
    outputFp.flush();
    outputFp.close();
    print "--- (2) read out previously written UTF-8 content ---"
    readoutFp = codecs.open(outputFilename, 'r', 'UTF-8');
    #here already is unicode, for we have pass "UTF-8" to codecs.open
    readOutStrUnicodeFromUtf8 = readoutFp.read()
    readoutFp.close();
    print "readOutStrUnicodeFromUtf8=",readOutStrUnicodeFromUtf8

    print "------------ 2.GBK write and read ------------"
    print "--- (1) write GBK string into file ---"
    # 'a+': read,write,append
    # 'w' : clear before, then write
    outputFp = codecs.open(outputFilename, 'w');
    outputFp.write(testStrGbk);
    outputFp.flush();
    outputFp.close();
    print "--- (2) read out previously written GBK content ---"
    readoutFp = codecs.open(outputFilename, 'r', 'GBK');
    #here already is unicode, for we have pass "GBK" to codecs.open
    readOutStrUnicodeFromGbk = readoutFp.read()
    readoutFp.close();
    print "readOutStrUnicodeFromGbk=",readOutStrUnicodeFromGbk

    print "Note: "
    print "1. more about encoding, please refer:"
    print u"【详解】python中的文件操作模式"
    print u"https://www.crifan.com/summary_python_file_operation_mode/"

if __name__ == "__main__":
    python_codecs_demo()

输出为:

E:\dev_root\python\tutorial_summary\python_codecs_demo>python_codecs_demo.py

testStrUnicode= 中文测试Unicode字符串

———— 1.UTF-8 write and read ————

— (1) write UTF-8 string into file —

— ()2) read out previously written UTF-8 content —

readOutStrUnicodeFromUtf8= 中文测试Unicode字符串

———— 2.GBK write and read ————

— (1) write GBK string into file —

— (2) read out previously written GBK content —

readOutStrUnicodeFromGbk= 中文测试Unicode字符串

Note:

1. more about encoding, please refer:

【详解】python中的文件操作模式

https://www.crifan.com/summary_python_file_operation_mode/

如图:

summary_python_file_operation_mode output

 

注:

1.关于字符编码,不熟悉的可参考:

字符编码详解

2.关于文件操作模式,不熟悉的可参考:

【详解】python中的文件操作模式

3.关于Python中的字符串编码,不熟悉的可参考:

Python专题教程:字符串和字符编码

 

【总结】

还是要多参考官网的api的解释,多练习,才会慢慢的真正理解编码的事情。

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  1. 擷取文字未現視如何處理 import urllib import re urls= ["http://www.poi86.com/poi/9145702.html","http://www.poi86.com/poi/25277218.html"] i=0 regex1 ='大地坐标: (.+?)' regex2 ='(.+?)' regex3 ='详细地址: (.+?)' pattern1 = re.compile(regex1) pattern2 = re.compile(regex2) pattern3 = re.compile(regex3) while i< len(urls): htmlfile = urllib.urlopen(urls[i]) htmltext = htmlfile.read() latlong = re.findall(pattern1,htmltext) address1 = re.findall(pattern2,htmltext) address2 = re.findall(pattern3,htmltext) data = latlong,address1,address2 print data i+=1
    ho9年前 (2016-04-02)回复
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