折腾：
［已解决］SQLAlchemy执行create_all初始化enum时出错：AttributeError: replace
期间，需要去通过pip升级SQLAlchemy为最新的1.1.0b3版本
此处，通过：
(SIPEvents) ➜ SIPEvents pip show flask <div–<- Metadata-Version: 2.0 Name: Flask Version: 0.11.1 Summary: A microframework based on Werkzeug, Jinja2 and good intentions Home-page: http://github.com/pallets/flask/ Author: Armin Ronacher Author-email: [email protected] Installer: pip License: BSD Location: /root/Envs/SIPEvents/lib/python2.7/site-packages Requires: itsdangerous, Jinja2, Werkzeug, click Classifiers: Development Status :: 4 – Beta Environment :: Web Environment Intended Audience :: Developers License :: OSI Approved :: BSD License Operating System :: OS Independent Programming Language :: Python Programming Language :: Python :: 2 Programming Language :: Python :: 2.6 Programming Language :: Python :: 2.7 Programming Language :: Python :: 3 Programming Language :: Python :: 3.3 Programming Language :: Python :: 3.4 Programming Language :: Python :: 3.5 Topic :: Internet :: WWW/HTTP :: Dynamic Content Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries :: Python Modules Entry-points: [console_scripts] flask=flask.cli:main (SIPEvents) ➜ SIPEvents pip show flask-sqlalchemy <div–<- Metadata-Version: 2.0 Name: Flask-SQLAlchemy Version: 2.1 Summary: Adds SQLAlchemy support to your Flask application Home-page: http://github.com/mitsuhiko/flask-sqlalchemy Author: Phil Howell Author-email: [email protected] Installer: pip License: BSD Location: /root/Envs/SIPEvents/lib/python2.7/site-packages Requires: SQLAlchemy, Flask Classifiers: Environment :: Web Environment Intended Audience :: Developers License :: OSI Approved :: BSD License Operating System :: OS Independent Topic :: Internet :: WWW/HTTP :: Dynamic Content Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries :: Python Modules Programming Language :: Python Programming Language :: Python :: 2 Programming Language :: Python :: 2.6 Programming Language :: Python :: 2.7 Programming Language :: Python :: 3 Programming Language :: Python :: 3.3 Programming Language :: Python :: 3.4 (SIPEvents) ➜ SIPEvents pip show sqlalchemy <div–<- Metadata-Version: 2.0 Name: SQLAlchemy Version: 1.0.14 Summary: Database Abstraction Library Home-page: http://www.sqlalchemy.org Author: Mike Bayer Author-email: [email protected] Installer: pip License: MIT License Location: /root/Envs/SIPEvents/lib/python2.7/site-packages Requires: Classifiers: Development Status :: 5 – Production/Stable Intended Audience :: Developers License :: OSI Approved :: MIT License Programming Language :: Python Programming Language :: Python :: 3 Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: CPython Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: Jython Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: PyPy Topic :: Database :: Front-Ends Operating System :: OS Independent |
才搞清楚：
不是去升级：
flask和flask-sqlalchemy，而是升级：
sqlalchemy
pip 升级
pip的安装，更新，卸载模块以及使用方法 python – Winterto1990的博客 – 博客频道 – CSDN.NET
pip升级安装 – cashcat的技术专栏 – 博客频道 – CSDN.NET
(SIPEvents) ➜ SIPEvents pip help install Usage: pip install [options] <requirement specifier> [package-index-options] … pip install [options] -r <requirements file> [package-index-options] … pip install [options] [-e] <vcs project url> … pip install [options] [-e] <local project path> … pip install [options] <archive url/path> … Description: Install packages from: – PyPI (and other indexes) using requirement specifiers. – VCS project urls. – Local project directories. – Local or remote source archives. pip also supports installing from “requirements files”, which provide an easy way to specify a whole environment to be installed. Install Options: -c, –constraint <file> Constrain versions using the given constraints file. This option can be used multiple times. -e, –editable <path/url> Install a project in editable mode (i.e. setuptools “develop mode”) from a local project path or a VCS url. -r, –requirement <file> Install from the given requirements file. This option can be used multiple times. -b, –build <dir> Directory to unpack packages into and build in. -t, –target <dir> Install packages into <dir>. By default this will not replace existing files/folders in <dir>. Use –upgrade to replace existing packages in <dir> with new versions. -d, –download <dir> Download packages into <dir> instead of installing them, regardless of what’s already installed. –src <dir> Directory to check out editable projects into. The default in a virtualenv is “<venv path>/src”. The default for global installs is “<current dir>/src”. -U, –upgrade Upgrade all specified packages to the newest available version. This process is recursive regardless of whether a dependency is already satisfied. –force-reinstall When upgrading, reinstall all packages even if they are already up-to-date. -I, –ignore-installed Ignore the installed packages (reinstalling instead). –no-deps Don’t install package dependencies. –install-option <options> Extra arguments to be supplied to the setup.py install command (use like –install-option=”–install- scripts=/usr/local/bin”). Use multiple –install-option options to pass multiple options to setup.py install. If you are using an option with a directory path, be sure to use absolute path. –global-option <options> Extra global options to be supplied to the setup.py call before the install command. –user Install to the Python user install directory for your platform. Typically ~/.local/, or %APPDATA%\Python on Windows. (See the Python documentation for site.USER_BASE for full details.) –egg Install packages as eggs, not ‘flat’, like pip normally does. This option is not about installing *from* eggs. (WARNING: Because this option overrides pip’s normal install logic, requirements files may not behave as expected.) –root <dir> Install everything relative to this alternate root directory. –prefix <dir> Installation prefix where lib, bin and other top-level folders are placed –compile Compile py files to pyc –no-compile Do not compile py files to pyc –no-use-wheel Do not Find and prefer wheel archives when searching indexes and find-links locations. DEPRECATED in favour of –no-binary. –no-binary <format_control> Do not use binary packages. Can be supplied multiple times, and each time adds to the existing value. Accepts either :all: to disable all binary packages, :none: to empty the set, or one or more package names with commas between them. Note that some packages are tricky to compile and may fail to install when this option is used on them. –only-binary <format_control> Do not use source packages. Can be supplied multiple times, and each time adds to the existing value. Accepts either :all: to disable all source packages, :none: to empty the set, or one or more package names with commas between them. Packages without binary distributions will fail to install when this option is used on them. –pre Include pre-release and development versions. By default, pip only finds stable versions. –no-clean Don’t clean up build directories. –require-hashes Require a hash to check each requirement against, for repeatable installs. This option is implied when any package in a requirements file has a –hash option. Package Index Options (including deprecated options): -i, –index-url <url> Base URL of Python Package Index (default https://pypi.python.org/simple). –extra-index-url <url> Extra URLs of package indexes to use in addition to –index-url. –no-index Ignore package index (only looking at –find-links URLs instead). -f, –find-links <url> If a url or path to an html file, then parse for links to archives. If a local path or file:// url that’s a directory, then look for archives in the directory listing. –process-dependency-links Enable the processing of dependency links. General Options: -h, –help Show help. –isolated Run pip in an isolated mode, ignoring environment variables and user configuration. -v, –verbose Give more output. Option is additive, and can be used up to 3 times. -V, –version Show version and exit. -q, –quiet Give less output. –log <path> Path to a verbose appending log. –proxy <proxy> Specify a proxy in the form [user:passwd@]proxy.server:port. –retries <retries> Maximum number of retries each connection should attempt (default 5 times). –timeout <sec> Set the socket timeout (default 15 seconds). –exists-action <action> Default action when a path already exists: (s)witch, (i)gnore, (w)ipe, (b)ackup. –trusted-host <hostname> Mark this host as trusted, even though it does not have valid or any HTTPS. –cert <path> Path to alternate CA bundle. –client-cert <path> Path to SSL client certificate, a single file containing the private key and the certificate in PEM format. –cache-dir <dir> Store the cache data in <dir>. –no-cache-dir Disable the cache. –disable-pip-version-check Don’t periodically check PyPI to determine whether a new version of pip is available for download. Implied with –no-index. |
结果竟然是已经是最新的了：
(SIPEvents) ➜ SIPEvents pip install -U sqlalchemy Requirement already up-to-date: sqlalchemy in /root/Envs/SIPEvents/lib/python2.7/site-packages |
所以只能想办法去：
pip 升级 包 指定版本
python中包管理工具(easy_install和pip的用法) – Hello World! – 博客频道 – CSDN.NET
安装特定版本的package 通过使用==, >=, <=, >, <来指定一个版本号。 $ pip install ‘Markdown<2.0’ $ pip install ‘Markdown>2.0,<2.0.3’ |
然后去安装：
然后也在主页的下载地址中看到了这个最新的版本：
“
VERSION 1.1
Latest 1.1 Release: 1.1.0b3 (1.1.0b3 via Cheeseshop) (CHANGES)
SQLAlchemy 1.1.0b3 is signed using Michael Bayer’s PGP key id C4DAFEE1 (use gpg –recv-keys C4DAFEE1 to import).
Please be sure to review the 1.0 to 1.1 migration guide, found at What’s New in 1.1?, for full details on changes made since 1.0.
”
(SIPEvents) ➜ SIPEvents pip install ‘sqlalchemy==1.1.0b3’ Collecting sqlalchemy==1.1.0b3 Downloading SQLAlchemy-1.1.0b3.tar.gz (5.1MB) 100% |████████████████████████████████| 5.1MB 41kB/s Building wheels for collected packages: sqlalchemy Running setup.py bdist_wheel for sqlalchemy … done Stored in directory: /root/.cache/pip/wheels/f4/49/29/9399713981242167620c5241b38b07c05136d29f7c72e9decb Successfully built sqlalchemy Installing collected packages: sqlalchemy Found existing installation: SQLAlchemy 1.0.14 Uninstalling SQLAlchemy-1.0.14: Successfully uninstalled SQLAlchemy-1.0.14 Successfully installed sqlalchemy-1.1.0b3 |
［总结］
如果只是想要升级到最新版本，则：
pip install -U package_name |
比如：
pip install -U sqlalchemy
如果要指定某个版本：
pip install ‘package_name=x.x.x’ |
其中==可以换成：>,<,>=,<=
比如：
<code>pip install 'sqlalchemy==1.1.0b3' </code>
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